EU summit: Leaders wrap up with attention on Gaza, Russia

EU leaders have hit back after Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov stated Friday that Russia is in "a state of war." 

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said Russia's comments show that it betrayed its own population after denying that it was at war for the past two years.

Meanwhile, European Council President Charles Michel said Russia's statement shows the need for the EU to strengthen its own defense industries.

"We must be lucid and we must tell to our citizens all across the EU that if we want peace, if we want security and stability, it is extremely important to improve our defense capabilities and to build a true European Union in defense," Michel said at the end of the summit in Brussels.

The leaders of Spain, Ireland, Malta and Slovenia have agreed to take the first steps towards recognizing a Palestinian state after a meeting on the sidelines of the EU summit in Brussels.

"We are agreed on the urgent need for an immediate cease-fire, the unconditional release of hostages and a rapid, massive and sustained increase of humanitarian aid into Gaza," the four leaders said in a joint statement.

"We are agreed that the only way to achieve lasting peace and stability in the region is through implementation of a two-state solution, with Israeli and Palestinian states living side-by-side, in peace and security."

Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said he expected his country's recognition of a Palestinian state to happen within the next three years.

The European Union has announced new sanctions on 33 individuals and two entities linked to the death of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.

Among those sanctioned are senior officials in Russia's judicial system as well as the penal colonies where Navalny was held on charges that critics say were politically motivated.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov warned the European Union against plans to impose tariffs on Russian and Belarusian grain exports, as well as the use of profits from frozen Russian assets to arm Ukraine.

"Consumers in Europe would definitely suffer," Peskov said when asked about the grain tariff proposal. "Another clear example of unfair competition," he added.

Although 2023 saw a rise in Russian agricultural products in the EU, it is relatively lower than imports from Ukraine, for example. 

Peskov also threatened "serious consequences" if the EU uses profits of frozen Russian assets to supply Ukraine with weapons. 

"The legal department of any bank understands the catastrophic consequences of such actions to expropriate assets, both for the bank, for the country as a whole and for the European economy," Peskov said.

"If such decisions were realized, this would have very serious consequences for those who took and implemented them."

The European Commission has submitted a proposal to impose tariffs on imports of grain from Russia and Belarus in a bid to cut Moscow and Minsk's exports income. 

The proposal is also designed to prevent the risk of this grain destabilizing the EU market. 

It comes after months of farmers across Europe staging massive protests over cheap imports and other agricultural policies. 

The Commission said transit of grain through the EU to other countries would still be allowed so as not to disturb global supplies.

Russian and Belarusian shipments to the bloc are already low, in comparison to those from Ukraine, for example. But the move is seen as a symbolic one, and the Commission said there was a risk imports could increase. 

The tariffs will be €95 ($102.76) per ton for cereals and 50% for oilseeds. 

The proposal is expected to be discussed by the EU leaders meeting on Friday, their second day of the summit in Brussels.

The second day of EU leaders meeting has started, with three main topics listed on their official agenda: foreign policy, agriculture and the European Economic Area.

Russia's war in Ukraine is likely to be the focus of the foreign policy discussions, while agricultural policies are coming into the spotlight amid farmers' protests across the bloc.

The EU leaders are also meeting their counterparts from Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein to mark the 30th anniversary of their relationship within the European Economic Area.

Commission President Ursula von der Leyen told reporters of the plans at the closing press conference of the summit's first day late on Thursday. 

"We have prepared a proposal to increase tariffs on Russian and Belarusian imports of cereals, oilseed and derived products," she said, adding there were "several good reasons for making this proposal."

"It will prevent Russian grain from de-stabilizing the EU market in these products. It will stop Russia from using the revenues from the export of these goods to the European Union. And it will ensure that illegal Russian exports of stolen Ukrainian grain do not enter the EU market," von der Leyen said. 

DW's Brussels bureau understands that further details on the proposal will likely come later on Friday. 

Both Russia and Ukraine are major agricultural exporters and the EU has tried to lower tariff barriers for Ukrainian exports amid the conflict, partly to offset reduced Ukrainian exports via the Black Sea, largely controlled by Russia's navy and air force.

This has however also led to protests from farmers and other groups in several countries, not least Poland, about price pressures caused by the easier access to the EU market.

European Union leaders agreed on a number of statements condemning Russia and pledging continued support for Ukraine.

"The European Council is ever more steadfast in its support for Ukraine's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized border. Russia must not prevail," the agreed-upon conclusions of the leaders' summit said.

"Given the urgency of the situation, the European Union is determined to continue providing Ukraine and its people all the necessary political, financial, economic, humanitarian and diplomatic support for as long as it takes and as intensely as needed," it added.

They also said they would look into the next steps necessary to use revenues from frozen Russian assets in the EU to fund military support for Ukraine.

"We are now reviewing the progress to use windfall profits from Russian immobilized assets for Ukraine, including military support," European Council President Charles Michel said online.

The bloc had so far been reluctant to confiscate Russian assets for Ukraine's war effort, but as the war drags into its third year and financial support for Kyiv has fallen increasingly on its European partners, the option has been entertained more seriously.

European Council President Charles Michel said on Thursday evening that EU leaders had agreed on a strong joint statement calling for an end to the fighting in Gaza.

"Strong and unified statement of EU leaders on the Middle East at #EUCO tonight!" he wrote on X, formerly Twitter. "The EU calls for an immediate humanitarian pause leading to a sustainable cease-fire."

The statement came after the leaders of the EU's 27 member states met in Brussels for a high-level summit where the war in Gaza was high on the agenda.

The conflict has divided member states with some showing greater support for Israel and others condemning the situation in Gaza. But the increasing death toll and warnings of a dire humanitarian disaster in the strip has seen the bloc push for more urgent action.

"Full & safe humanitarian access into Gaza is essential to provide the civilian population with life-saving assistance in a catastrophic situation in Gaza," Michel wrote.

European Union leaders have agreed to open membership talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina, putting the Balkan country on the same track as its neighbors in Serbia, Albania and North Macedonia.

European Council President Charles Michel made the announcement on X, formerly Twitter, saying "Your place is in our European family."

"Today's decision is a key step forward on your EU path. Now the hard work needs to continue so Bosnia and Herzegovina steadily advances, as your people want," he added.

Bosnia became a candidate to join the bloc in December 2022, having applied in 2016, but was not yet in the necessary talks with Brussels that could lead to eventual accession.

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban wrote a letter to congratulate his Russian counterpart, and friend, Vladimir Putin after an election that has been slammed by many of Hungary's allies in the EU and NATO.

Hungarian government spokesperson Zoltan Kovacs said Orban had, in a letter to Moscow, "congratulated Vladimir Putin on his re-election, noting that the cooperation between Hungary and Russia, based on mutual respect, enables important discussions even in challenging geopolitical contexts."

Brussels said the Russian election was held "in a highly restricted environment exacerbated also by Russia's illegal war of aggression against Ukraine." 

Hungary has knocked heads with the rest of the bloc numerous times, often over Orban's close relationship with Putin and his antagonism toward Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy urged European allies to provide Ukraine with additional air defense systems.

"The existing air defense systems are not enough to protect our entire territory from Russian terror," he said. "It's not a matter of hundreds of systems, but of an achievable number — to protect all the territory of Ukraine."

He said Ukrainian air defense had managed to shoot down 31 Russian missiles after a Russian aerial onslaught on the capital, Kyiv.

Zelenskyy thanked allies for providing €5 billion as part of the Ukraine Assistance Fund and hailed a Czech-led initiative to purchase artillery shells. However, he added that "Europe can provide more" and called for EU members to supply Kyiv with more ammunition to push back Russian forces.

Ukraine's president said the country had "once again become a donor of food security for our traditional export destinations — North Africa and Asia." He said Europe stands to benefit from cooperation with Kyiv on trade.

He also said it was "unfair" that Russian and Belarusian products were still being transported into Europe and urged against "trade separatism" that seeks to put tariffs on Ukrainian goods.

The Ukrainian leader pushed for a start to "real negotiations on Ukraine's accession" to the European Union.

"Ukrainians need to see the EU getting closer," he said.

Speaking on the proposal to use frozen Russian assets to fund support for Ukraine, Zelenskyy said, "The aggressor should pay the highest price for the war — this is in line with both the letter and the spirit of the law." 

Some Western banks have begun lobbying against an EU proposal to redistribute billions of euros in interest earned on frozen Russian assets, senior industry sources told Reuters on Thursday.

EU leaders are debating a plan to use up to €3 billion ($3.26 billion) a year generated by frozen Russian assets to purchase weapons for Ukraine.

Sources told Reuters news agency that some banks fear that Russia could hold them liable for any transfer of money to Ukraine and that the policy could lead to an erosion of trust in the Western banking system.

Russia has previously described any efforts to take its capital or interest as "banditry."

EU leaders should demonstrate the same commitment to international law in Gaza that they try to uphold in Ukraine, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said.

"The basic principle of international humanitarian law is the protection of civilians," Guterres told reporters at EU leaders summit in Brussels.

"We must stick to principles in Ukraine as in Gaza without double standards," he added.

The 27-nation bloc has long been divided in its approach to Israel and the Palestinians, while it has relatively unified in its condemnation of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar, whose country is among the strongest backers of the Palestinians, also raised the issue of double standards. 

"The response to the appalling crisis in Palestine has not been Europe's finest hour, quite frankly," he said.

"I think it has been undermining particularly of our efforts to defend Ukraine because so many countries in the global south — also known as most of the world — interpret Europe's actions in relation to Ukraine versus Palestine as double standards. I think they have a point," he added.

European leaders will call for a sustainable cease-fire in Gaza, EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said as he arrived at the summit.

"Today the Council goes much further" than in previous months, Borrell told reporters.

"Asking for a sustainable cease-fire, certainly asking also for the freedom of hostages, but showing a strong concern for the situation of the people in Gaza, which is unacceptable."

Borrell also underlined the need to get more humanitarian aid to Palestinians in Gaza.

"They are starving. So I hope that the council will send a strong message to Israel, stop blocking, stop preventing the food to come into Gaza and take care of the civilians," he said.

"Certainly Israel has the right to defend, [but] not to revenge."