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Charting Turkey's slide towards authoritarianism

Turkey's shift towards authoritarianism has been over 10 years in the making. However, in the aftermath of the failed 2016 military coup, President Erdogan and the AKP have accelerated their consolidation of power.

July 2007: Abdullah Gul becomes Turkey's first Islamist president

After years of free market reforms, Turkey's transition slowly begins to reverse. Islamist Abdullah Gul's candidacy as president in 2007 marks a clear shift away from secularist policies, and strains relations between the ruling AKP and the military. However, with broad support from both conservative Muslims and liberals, the AKP wins the parliamentary elections and Gul is elected president.
September 2010: Constitutional reforms take hold

Then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan tables a constitutional reform increasing parliamentary control of the judiciary and army, effectively allowing the government to pick judges and senior military officials. The amendment, which is combined with measures also aimed at protecting child rights and the strengthening of the right to appeal, passed by a wide margin in a public referendum.
May 2013: Dissent erupts in Gezi Park

Pent-up anger directed by young people at Erdogan, Gul and the Islamist-rooted AKP hits a boiling point in May 2013. The violent police breakup of a small sit-in aimed at protecting Istanbul's Gezi Park spurs one of the fiercest anti-government protests in years. Eleven people are killed and more than 8,000 injured, before the demonstrations eventually peter out a month later.
July 2015: Turkey relaunches crackdown against Kurds

A fragile ceasefire deal between the Turkish government and the Kurdish rebel PKK group breaks under the weight of tensions aggravated by the war in Syria. Military forces resume operations in the mostly Kurdish southeast of Turkey. In early 2016, the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK) — a breakaway PKK faction — claim responsibility for two bombings in Ankara, each killing 38 people.
July 2016: Military coup attempt falls short

A military coup attempt against the government shakes Turkey to its core and briefly turns the country into a war zone. Some 260 civilians die in overnight clashes with the army across five major cities. Erdogan, however, rallies supporters and the following morning rebel soldiers are ambushed by thousands of civilians on the Bosporus Bridge. The troops eventually drop their guns and surrender.
July 2016: President Erdogan enacts a state of emergency

In the aftermath of the failed coup, Erdogan announces a state of emergency, leading to arrests of tens of thousands of suspected coup sympathizers and political opponents. Among those detained are military and judiciary officials and elected representatives from the pro-Kurdish HDP party. The purge is later expanded to include civil servants, university officials and teachers.
2016: Crackdown on the press

As part of Erdogan's crackdown against supposed "terrorist sympathizers," Turkey becomes one of the world's leading jailers of journalists, according to Reporters Without Borders. The government shuts down around 110 media outlets in the year following the coup and imprisons more than 100 journalists, including German-Turkish correspondent Deniz Yücel.
March 2017: AKP officials try to stoke support in Western Europe

With a referendum on expanding Erdogan's presidential powers set for April 2016, AKP officials look to galvanize support among Turks living in Europe, particularly in Germany and the Netherlands. However, the Netherlands forbids Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu from landing in the country, while Germany opts to cancel two rallies. Erdogan accuses both countries of Nazi-style repression.
April 2017: Erdogan clinches referendum vote

Erdogan narrowly wins the referendum vote expanding his power. As a result, Turkey's parliamentary system is abolished in favor of a strong executive presidency. Erdogan is also allowed to remain in power potentially until 2029. However, international election monitors claim that opposition voices were muzzled and that media coverage was dominated by figures from the "yes" campaign.
June 2018: Election wins secure Erdogan's power

Erdogan secures a new five-year term and sweeping new executive powers after winning landmark elections on June 24. His AKP and their nationalist allies also win a majority in parliament. International observers criticize the vote, saying media coverage and emergency measures gave Erdogan and the AKP an "undue advantage" in the vote.

July 2007: Abdullah Gul becomes Turkey's first Islamist president

After years of free market reforms, Turkey's transition slowly begins to reverse. Islamist Abdullah Gul's candidacy as president in 2007 marks a clear shift away from secularist policies, and strains relations between the ruling AKP and the military. However, with broad support from both conservative Muslims and liberals, the AKP wins the parliamentary elections and Gul is elected president.
September 2010: Constitutional reforms take hold

Then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan tables a constitutional reform increasing parliamentary control of the judiciary and army, effectively allowing the government to pick judges and senior military officials. The amendment, which is combined with measures also aimed at protecting child rights and the strengthening of the right to appeal, passed by a wide margin in a public referendum.
May 2013: Dissent erupts in Gezi Park

Pent-up anger directed by young people at Erdogan, Gul and the Islamist-rooted AKP hits a boiling point in May 2013. The violent police breakup of a small sit-in aimed at protecting Istanbul's Gezi Park spurs one of the fiercest anti-government protests in years. Eleven people are killed and more than 8,000 injured, before the demonstrations eventually peter out a month later.
July 2015: Turkey relaunches crackdown against Kurds

A fragile ceasefire deal between the Turkish government and the Kurdish rebel PKK group breaks under the weight of tensions aggravated by the war in Syria. Military forces resume operations in the mostly Kurdish southeast of Turkey. In early 2016, the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK) — a breakaway PKK faction — claim responsibility for two bombings in Ankara, each killing 38 people.
July 2016: Military coup attempt falls short

A military coup attempt against the government shakes Turkey to its core and briefly turns the country into a war zone. Some 260 civilians die in overnight clashes with the army across five major cities. Erdogan, however, rallies supporters and the following morning rebel soldiers are ambushed by thousands of civilians on the Bosporus Bridge. The troops eventually drop their guns and surrender.
July 2016: President Erdogan enacts a state of emergency

In the aftermath of the failed coup, Erdogan announces a state of emergency, leading to arrests of tens of thousands of suspected coup sympathizers and political opponents. Among those detained are military and judiciary officials and elected representatives from the pro-Kurdish HDP party. The purge is later expanded to include civil servants, university officials and teachers.
2016: Crackdown on the press

As part of Erdogan's crackdown against supposed "terrorist sympathizers," Turkey becomes one of the world's leading jailers of journalists, according to Reporters Without Borders. The government shuts down around 110 media outlets in the year following the coup and imprisons more than 100 journalists, including German-Turkish correspondent Deniz Yücel.
March 2017: AKP officials try to stoke support in Western Europe

With a referendum on expanding Erdogan's presidential powers set for April 2016, AKP officials look to galvanize support among Turks living in Europe, particularly in Germany and the Netherlands. However, the Netherlands forbids Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu from landing in the country, while Germany opts to cancel two rallies. Erdogan accuses both countries of Nazi-style repression.
April 2017: Erdogan clinches referendum vote

Erdogan narrowly wins the referendum vote expanding his power. As a result, Turkey's parliamentary system is abolished in favor of a strong executive presidency. Erdogan is also allowed to remain in power potentially until 2029. However, international election monitors claim that opposition voices were muzzled and that media coverage was dominated by figures from the "yes" campaign.
June 2018: Election wins secure Erdogan's power

Erdogan secures a new five-year term and sweeping new executive powers after winning landmark elections on June 24. His AKP and their nationalist allies also win a majority in parliament. International observers criticize the vote, saying media coverage and emergency measures gave Erdogan and the AKP an "undue advantage" in the vote.

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30.06.2022, Spanien, Madrid: Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Präsident der Türkei, äußert sich bei einer Pressekonferenz zum Abschluss des Nato-Gipfels in Madrid. Die Staats- und Regierungschefs der 30 Bündnisstaaten haben bei dem zweitägigen Spitzentreffen Entscheidungen zur Umsetzung der Reformagenda ·Nato 2030· getroffen. Foto: Bernd von Jutrczenka/dpa +++ dpa-Bildfunk +++

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Protesters burn the portrait of the Turkish President during a demonstration condemning the artillery bombardment of a Kurdish hill village, which Iraq blames on neighbouring Turkey, outside the Turkish consulate in the southern Iraqi city of Basra on July 21, 2022. - An angry and grieving Iraq buried nine holidaymakers, including a newlywed, killed in the artillery bombardment of a Kurdish hill village. Baghdad blames neighbouring Turkey and summoned the Turkish ambassador in protest. Ankara denied its troops were responsible and instead accused rebels of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Germany, France and Iran condemned the attack. (Photo by Hussein FALEH / AFP) (Photo by HUSSEIN FALEH/AFP via Getty Images)

Turkey's strategy in Kurdish-dominated areas of Iraq, Syria under scrutiny 27.07.2022

Turkey's longstanding campaigns against Kurdish militants in Iraq and in Syria are under the spotlight after alleged Turkish strikes killed nine tourists in northern Iraq. It's led to a new flaring of regional tensions.

07.10.2019, Berlin: Deniz Yücel, deutsch-türkischer Journalist und Publizist, nimmt an der Premiere seines Buches „Agentterrorist“ im Festsaal Kreuzberg teil. Foto: Christoph Soeder/dpa +++ dpa-Bildfunk +++ | Verwendung weltweit

Deniz Yücel: European court rules Turkey violated journalist's human rights 25.01.2022

The Turkish-German writer and publisher was arrested and detained in Turkey for a year on trumped-up terrorism charges. The European Court of Human Rights said the pre-trial detention violated Yücel's rights.

21.08.2020 *** Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan addresses the nation in Istanbul, Turkey, August 21, 2020. Murat Cetinmuhurdar/PPO/Handout via REUTERS THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. NO RESALES. NO ARCHIVES.

Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan cracks down on pro-Kurdish politicians 08.10.2020

The Turkish government is hoping to split the opposition and put off voters by cracking down on pro-Kurdish politicians. But critics say the strategy won't work this time.

Date 25.06.2018
Number of pictures 10
Author David Martin
Related Subjects Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey, AKP, Deniz Yucel, Kurdistan Workers' Party PKK
Keywords Turkey, authoritarian, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Abdullah Gul, AKP, Turkey military coup, PKK, Deniz Yücel
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News

Charting Turkey's slide towards authoritarianism

July 2007: Abdullah Gul becomes Turkey's first Islamist president

September 2010: Constitutional reforms take hold

May 2013: Dissent erupts in Gezi Park

July 2015: Turkey relaunches crackdown against Kurds

July 2016: Military coup attempt falls short

July 2016: President Erdogan enacts a state of emergency

2016: Crackdown on the press

March 2017: AKP officials try to stoke support in Western Europe

April 2017: Erdogan clinches referendum vote

June 2018: Election wins secure Erdogan's power