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SiyasaJamus

Shekaru 75 na shimfida dokokin kundin tsarin mulki a Jamus

Fürstenau Marcel Abdourahmane Hassane/Abdoulaye Mamane
May 23, 2024

Jamus na bikin cika shekaru 75 da samar da muhimman dokokin da suka kai ga samar da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, a ranar 23 ga Mayu na shekarar 1949 a birnin Bonn, aka bayyana sanarwa girka Tarayyar Jamus

https://p.dw.com/p/4gD1d
Shugaba Frank-Walter Steinmeier na jawabi a albarkacin bikin cika shekaru 75 na kafa dokokin da suka samar da kundin tsarin mulki
Shugaba Frank-Walter Steinmeier na jawabi a albarkacin bikin cika shekaru 75 na kafa dokokin da suka samar da kundin tsarin mulkiHoto: Michael Kappeler/dpa/picture alliance

Jumlar dokokin sun soma da mataki na daya wanda ya nunar da cewar mutuncin ɗan Adam abu ne mai muhimmanci duk hukumomin gwamnati suna da alhakin mutunta shi da kiyaye shi. 

An rubuta wannan jumla ta farko ta wadannan dokoki a ƙarƙashin nauyin laifin da ba a taɓa gani ba na Jamus, wadda ke da alhakin Yaƙin Duniya na II da kuma kisan mutane miliyan shida 'yan Israila a duk faɗin Turai. Babban burin shi ne kada a sake maimaita kuskuren da aka samu a Jamus a lokacin mulkin ‘yan Nazi.

Lokacin da aka kaddamar da dokar a ranar 23 ga watan Mayu na 1949 an yi la'akari da mamayar da kasashen duniya suka yi wa Jamus, Amirka da Birtaniya da Faransa.

Karin bayani : Wariyar launin fata da talauci ne matsalolin baki a Jamus

Yankin mamayar Tarayar Soviet da ke a Gabahin Jamus a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, na shekara ta 1949, ya zama Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus (RDA).

Shekaru 75 na shata dokokin da suka kafa kundin tsarin mulki a Jamus
Shekaru 75 na shata dokokin da suka kafa kundin tsarin mulki a JamusHoto: Erna Wagner-Hehmke/Haus der Geschichte/dpa/picture alliance

Amma ƙwararrun da suka tsara dokokin na ganin tun lokacin da aka kaddamar da su tamkar na wucin gadi ne saboda rarrabuwar dake a kwai tsakanin Jamus ta Gabas da ta Yamma. Masanin tarihi Martin Sabrow yana tunawa da haka

"Wannan bai kamata ya zama kundin tsarin mulki na dogon lokaci ba,saboda  kasa ce ta wucin gadi, har sai al'ummar Jamus baki daya sun taru, su  za su iya yanke shawara a kai cikin yanci."

Lokaci mai tarihi zai iya kasancewa sake hadewar Jamus a cikin shekara ta 1990, tare da rushewar katangar Berlin, sai dai ba a amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki ba. Astrid Lorenz masaniyar  kimiyyar siyasa ce da aka haifa a Jamus ta Yamma.

"An fara muhawara kan kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus baki daya, amma wannan ra'ayin ba zai iya hada rinjaye a Jamus ba. Muhimmin dalili shi ne muhimmancin tasirin da dokokin suka yi."

Karin bayani : Jamus za ta ci gaba da tallafawa UNRWA

Tun da aka sake haɗewa a cikin  shekara ta 1990, dokokin sun kasance na bai daya wa Jamus baki daya, ko da yake ba a tsara sabon kudin tsarin mulki  ba, an yi wa dokokin kwaskwarima kusan sau 70 a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, bayan sauye-sauye na zamantakewa da siyasa.

Ga kowane gyare-gyare, ƙa'idar ita ce kamar haka: Yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan kashi biyu cikin uku na yan majalisar dokoki da na wakilai sun amince da da kudirin yin sauye-sauyen.

Wannan shi ne don hana kundin tsarin mulki ya zama abin wasa na siyasa, amma sama da komai shi ne kare dimokuradiyya daga abokan gaba.

Shekaru 75 na shata dokokin da suka kafa kundin tsarin mulki a Jamus
Shekaru 75 na shata dokokin da suka kafa kundin tsarin mulki a JamusHoto: Erna Wagner-Hehmke/Haus der Geschichte/dpa/picture alliance

Har ila yau kundin tsarin mulkin Jamus yana da kyakkyawan suna a duniya kuma ya zama abin koyi ga ƙasashe da yawa a Afirka, misali  Kamaru, da Tanzaniya, da Malawi, da Namibiya da Habasha sun sami kwarin guiwa daga Dokokin Jamus don inganta kudin tsarin mulkinsu.