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Menene makomar dimukuradiyyar Afirka?

Daniel Pelz USU/LMJ
November 28, 2018

Shugabannin kasashen Afirka na sauya kundin tsarin mulki domin zama kan karagar mulki na har sai Mahadi ka ture, tare da kame 'yan adawa. Ko menene makomar dimukuradiyya a Afirka?

https://p.dw.com/p/393h6
Demokratische Republik Kongo Proteste in Kinshasa
Masu zanga-zanga a Jamhuriyar Dimukuradiyyar KWango sun jajirce wajen hana sauya kundin tsarin mulkin kasarHoto: DW/W. Bashi

Shugabannin irinn na Kamaru Paul Biya da na Yuganda Yoweri Museveni sun kwaskware kundin tsarinmulki, haka shi ma Joseph Kabila ya yi ta sauya ranakun zabe domin ci gaba da zaman dabaro a kan karagar mulki. Sai dai matsin lamba daga al'ummar kasarsa da ma al'ummomin kasa da kasa, ya tilasta masa tsaida ranar zaben, koda yake akwai fargabar cewa zaben ka iya zama mai tattare da magudi. 

Duk da haka dai har yanzu akwai masanan da ke ganin cewa ana matukar son mulki dimukuradiyya a Afirka. Farfesa  Emanuel Gyimah-Boadi daga jami'ar kasar Ghana na daga cikin masu wannan ra'ayi. To amma ba domin ya kasance masanin siyasa ba ne, hasalima ya kafa wata cibiyar kula da harkokin mulki a Afirka, inda ya yi shekaru kusan 20 yana bin harkokin mulki. Masanin ya ce a bincikensu ya nunar da cewa daga mutune bakwai cikin 10 na 'yan Afirka da aka tambaya, duk sunfi son kasancewa karkashin mulkin dimukuradiyya maimakon mulkin soja, kana kaso 75 cikin 100 na al'ummar da aka tambaya suna adawa da yin tazarcen shugabanni kasashe

 Jajircewa domin kawo sauyi

Uganda Präsident Yoweri Museveni
Shugaban kasar Yuganda Yoweri MuseveniHoto: picture-alliance/dpa/I. Langsdon

Babban misalin kalaman na masanin dan kasar Gahan shi ne, irin yadda al'ummar kasar Yuganda suka jajirce a bara don hanawa Shugaba Yoweri Museveni sauya kundin tsarin mulki da nufin ya karawa kansa wa'adi. An ga yadda ta kasance a Jamhuriyar Dimukuradiyyar Kwango, inda al'ummar kasar suka sha yin fatali da dokar 'yan sanda ta hana boren adawa da shugaba Joseph Kabila. Kazalika a bara ne 'yan kasar Gambiya bisa tallafin kungiyar ECOWAS suka yi nasarar kawar da shugaban kama karya Yahya Jammeh, wanda ya ki mika mulki duk da cewa ya fadi zabe. Irin wadannan misalan ne suka sanya wasu masanan yin watsi da batun cewar tagomashin dimukuradiyya na yin kasa a Afirka.

Zabe na zaman hanyar mika mulki

Ko da yake akwai jerin matsalolin dimukuradiyya a Afirka, inda ma a wasu kasashen za a iya cewa babu ita kwata-kwata, sai dai shi ma Charlotte Heyl masani kan harkokin Afirka ya na da ra'ayin cewa ana samu ci-gaba dimukuradiyya Afirka.

Demokratische Republik Kongo Wahlmaschine
Shirye-shiryen zabe a Jamhuriyar Dimukuradiyyar KwangoHoto: Getty Images/AFP/J. Wessels

"Hanyar zabe shi ne hanya mafi muhimmanci da ake bi wajen mika mulki a Afirka. A yanzu duk mulkin da za sauya ana yinsa ta hanyar zabe, fiye da yadda ake mika mulki bisa tarzoma kamar juyin mulki da sauransu. Wannan shi ne abun sha'awa fiye da 'yan shekarun da suka biyo bayan samun 'yancin kan kasashen"

Sai dai a 'yan shekarun nan, masanan sun bayyana cewa kasashen Yamma ba sa taimakawa wajen karfafa dimukuradiyya a kasashen Afirka, inda kasashen ke dasawa da shugabannin kama-karya domin biyan bukatun kansu, ba wai yin abin da 'yan kasa ke so ba. Babban misali shi ne, yadda a shekarunnan kasar Jamus ke karfafa hulda da kasashen da shugabanninsu ke dannen hakkin dan Adam, domin ta samu hanyar dakile kwararar bakin haure zuwa nahiyar Turai.