Zamantakewa

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806)

Banneker masanin lissafi ne da kuma ilimin taurari kuma shi ne masanin kimiyya na farko cikin jerin 'yan Amirka bakar fata. Yana daga cikin wanda suka rika sukar Shugaba Thomas Jefferson kan irin tsarinsa na daukar bakar fata a matsayin kaskantattu. A lokacin ya kwatanta halin da bakaken fata ke ciki da irin wanda suka tsinci kansu a ciki kafin samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784)

An haifi Phillis a kasar Gambiya kafin daga bisani a sayar da ita a matsayin baiwa a lokacin da ta cika shekaru bakwai da haihuwa. Iyayen gijinta sun koya mata karatu da rubu har ma ta kai ga rubuta wata wata a lokacin da take 'yar shekaru 13. Phillis dai ita ce 'yan Amirka bakar fata ta farko da ta rubuta cikakken litattafi na rubutattun wakoki a shekarar 1773.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

James Forten (1766-1842)

James Forten dai kwararren matukin jirgin ruwa ne kuma ya fara wannan harka ta kashin kansa a shekarar 1798 bayan da ya koyi harkar, hakan kuma ya sanya shi zama attajiri. Bai taba sayar da jirgin ruwa ga masu cinikin bayi ba, hasali ma ya yi ta amfani da dukiyarsa wajen yaki da bauta da samar da 'yanci ga bakaken fatar Amirka. Yana daya daga cikin fitattun bakaken fata 100 na Amirka.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Sojourner Truth (1797-1883)

Mahaifan Isabella Bomfree bayi ne. A lokacin bauta ta sha wahala kafin daga baya ta tsere tare da 'yarta bayan da wani mai yaki da bauta ya taimaka mata a shekarar 1827. A matsayinta na yawo don yin wa'azi, Sojourner Truth ta yi amfani da wannan dama wajen yaki da cin zarafin mata da kawar da bauta. Wani jawabi da ta yi a 1851 kan samar da daidaito na jinsi da kawar da bauta ya sa ta yi fice.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Maria W. Stewart (1803-1879)

Maria fitacciyar 'yar jarida ce sannan ta yi suna wajen yaki da bauta, kana ta taba zama malama sannan an dama da ita wajen kare hakkin mata. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara jawabi gaban wani taro na bakake da fararen fata 'yan Amirka. A jawabin ta ce ba launin fata ne ke nuna ko kai waye ba, irin alkiblar da mutum ya fuskanta ce ke yin nuni da hakan.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Harriet Tubman (ca. 1820-1913)

Bayan da ya guje wa bauta a shekarar 1849, Harriet Tubman ta zama jami'ar jiragen kasa na karkashin kasa da bayin da suka tsere ke amfani da su wajen zuwa tudun mun tsira a arewacin Amirka. Ta taimaka wa tsofaffin bayi da dama wajen yaki da talauci. Hoton Tubman ne zai maye gurbin na tsohon shugaban kasar Andrew Jackson a jikin sabuwar takardar kudi ta dala 20 da za a samar.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)

Yakin basasa ne ya taimaka masa wajen samun 'yanci daga bauta. Daga bisani ya zama fitaccen malamin makaranta da kuma marubuci gami da mashawarci na shugabannin Amirka da dama. Ya yi ta kokari wajen jan hankalin bakaken fatar Amirka wajen sauya matsayinsu ta hanyar yin karatu da kuma kasuwanci. Washington shi ne bakar fata dan Amirka na farko da ya ci abinci tare da shugaban kasa a shekarar 1901.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931)

Mahaifan Ida B. Wells-Barnett bayi ne. Matar ta kasance fitaciyyar 'yar jarida kana 'yar shahararriyar 'yar kungiyar farar hula. Tana daga cikin wanda suka kafa kungiyar nan ta NAACP mai fafutukar ci gaban bakaken fatar Amirka. Ida ta yi aiki tukuru wajen nuna yadda aka halaka mutane a kudancin kasar da kuma nuna irin yadda ake kashe bakaken fata ba tare da sun aikata laifi ba.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

James Weldon Johnson (1871-1938)

James Weldon ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya a zamanin Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt kuma shi ne bakar fata na farko da ya zama farfesa a jami'ar New York. Har wa yau shi ne shugaban kungyar nan ta NAACP, sannan ya yi yaki da wariyar launin fata. Baya ga haka mutumin marubuci ne, hasali ma wakar da ya rubuta ta "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing" a matsayin taken bakaken fatar Amirka.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963)

Shi ma dai yana daga cikin wanda suka kafa kungiyar NAACP sannan kuma dan jarida ne kana masanin tarihi. Ya kuma yi fice wajen fafutuka. Shi ne bakar fata na farko da ya samu digirin digirgir daga jami'ar Havard a shekarar 1985. Ya rubuta kundin digirinsa kan cinikin bayi. A shekarar 1919 ya shirya wani baje koli na bakaken fata na farko a Paris inda ya kalubalanci wariyar launin fata.

'Yan Amirka bakar fata 12 da suka yi fice

Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

Labarinta ya taimaka wajen haifar da fafutuka ta 'yan kungiyar farar hula a Amirka. An kama Parks a shekarar1955 saboda ta ki tashi daga kujerarta a cikin motar haya don farar fata ya zauna. Wannan ya sanya bakaken fata kaurace wa shiga motocin bas-bas wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "Montgomery Bus Boycott," wanda kuma shi ne ya fito da Martin Luther King a matsayin dan kungiyar farar hula.

Mawallafi: Suzanne Cords (AS/ MAB)