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Kälte in Afrika (Getty Images/AFP/D. Faget)

Lafiya Jari: Matsala ta sanyi da amfani da garwashin wuta  

Nigeria Bürgerkrieg / Biafra-Krieg Reportage Save the Children (Save The Children/Dominic Nahr)

Shekaru 50 bayan gama yakin Biafra

Matasa a Najeriya sun bayyana ra'ayinsu kan yakin Biafra, shekaru 50 bayan kammala shi.  

Nigeria Ärtze ohne Grenzen versorgen Kinder in Maiduguri (picture-alliance/AP Photo/Sunday Alamba)

Kundi Me ke haddasa yunwa a Afirka?

Cikin ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata, an sami raguwar mutanen da ke fama da karancin abinci a nahiyar Afirka. Sai dai, matsalar ta sake kunno kai, inda a yanzu akalla mutane miliyan 26 ne suke fuskantar yunwa a nahiyar.  

  • Senegal Massalikul Jinaan-Moschee (AFP/SEYLLOU)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Masallacin Massalikul Jinaan a Senegal

    Sabon masallacin Massalikul Jinaan da aka kammala aikin gininshi a watan Satumban 2019, Majalisar Muridan Senegal ta yi aikin a kan kudi Euro miliyan 30. Shi ne mafi girma a Afirka ta Yamma, yana iya daukar masu ibada dubu 15 a ciki da wasu dubu 15 a harabarsa. Sunansa ya samo asalai daga taken wani adabi na Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacke, da ya kafa Majalisar Muridan a karni na 19.

  • The Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia, against a blue sky (Imago/Panthermedia)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Babban masallacin Kairouan a Tunisiya

    Wannan kasaitaccen masallacin na daya daga cikin mafi tsufa wuraren ibada a duniyar Musulmi, watakila ma mafi dadewa a Afirka. Janar na Larabawa Uqba ibn Nafi ya gina a shekarar 670. Ginin na nuna wata hadaka ta tasiri na tsarin gine-ginen farko na Muslunci da Romawa da kuma Byzantine. Masallaci yana a wurin tarihin duniya na UNESCO da ke a Kairouan, yankin Hamada na arewacin Tunisiya.

  • Ghana Larabanga Moschee (Imago/UIG)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Masallacin Larabanga a Ghana

    Masallacin da ake wa lakabi da Makkar Yammacin Afirka, masallacin Larabanga an gina shi ne bisa tsarin zanen gini na Sudan a Larabanga, Ghana. An gina shi a 1421– sh ne mafi dadewa a kasar kuma daya daga cikin masallatai mafi tsufa a Yammacin Afirka. Yana cikin jerin wurare 100 da ke fuskantar barazana,an yi masa gyare-gyare a lokuta da dama, abin da ya farfado da ilimkin ginin laka.

  • The Mosque of Touba in Senegal (Imago Images)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Masallacin Touba a Senegal

    Babban Masallacin Touba dan Sufi kuma Waliyi na Majalisar Muridai, Amadou Bamba ya aza tubalinsa a 1887, ko da yake a hukumance ba a gama gininshi ba sai a 1963. Bamba ya rasu a 1927, kuma yanzu zuri'arsa ce ke tafiyar da masallacin. Ana daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin masallatai mafi kyau a duniya.

  • People sit in front of the Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali (Getty Images/AFP/M. Cattani)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Babban Masallacin Djenne a Mali

    TBabban Masallacin Djenne shi ne mafi girma a duniya da aka gina da laka. An gina shi a 1907, an yi amfani da tsarin gine-gine da asali da yankin Sahel na yammacin Afirka a karni na 14. A kowacce shekara dukkan al'ummar garin Djenne na shiga cikin wani bikin gyara bangarorin da suka lalace sakamakon zaizayewar kasa. Ana kammala bikin da kide da abinci.

  • The Abuja National Mosque in Nigeria | Nigerianische Nationalmoschee (Imago Images/F. Stark)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Babban Masallaci kasa a Abuja, Najeriya

    A 1984 aka gina wannan masallaci mai ban sha'awa da kuma ke zama babban masallacin kasa a Najeriya. Ko da yake an gina shi ne don Musulmi masu ibada, amma ana bude kofofinsa ga wadanda ba Musulmi ba a lokutan da ba a salla a ciki. Yana daura da ginin cibiyar Kiristoci ta kasa.

  • Uganda National Mosque in Kampala (Imago/UIG)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Masallacin Ka a Yuganda

    A 2006 da aka kammala aikin ginin Masallacin kasa a Yuganda da ke zama kyakkyawan misali na zanen ginin masallaci na zamani. Tsohon shugaban kasar Libiya Muammar Gaddafi ya kaddamar da shi sannan daga bisani aka sa masa sunansa. Bayan mutuwarsa an sake masa suna, shi ne kuma shalkwatar Majalisar Koli ta Musulmin Yuganda.

  • The Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, overlooking the sea (picture alliance/Arco Images)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Masallacin Hassan II a Maroko

    An kammala ginin a 1993. Yanzu haka Masallacin Hassan II shi ne mafi girma anhiyar Afirka, kuma na uku a duniya baki daya. An gina masallacin ne don tunawa da cikar shekaru 60 na ranar haihuwar tsohon Sarki Hassan II. An gina shi a wani wuri da ke kallon teku da ke kuma nuni da wata ayar Al-Qurani da ke cewa an gina Al-arshin Ubangiji a kan ruwa.

  • The Great Mosque of Algiers (Getty Images/R. Kramdi)

    Masallatai tara da suka shahara a Afirka

    Masallacin Djamaa el Djazair a birnin Aljiyas

    Masallacin da aka kuma sanshi da Babban Masallacin Aljiyas, an kare gininshi a bana bayan shekaru bakwai na aikin ginin da ya ci kudi kimanin Euro miliyan 915. Ginin na hadin gwiwa ne da tallafin kudi daga gwamnatin Aljeriya, da masu zanen gini na Jamus, kamfanin gine-gine na kasar China ya yi aikin. Hasumiyarsa ta kai mita 265, ita ce mafi tsawo a Afirka.


  • Abdul Sumud Shaibu, yana nuna hoton kakansa daga wayar salularsa.

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Fada da magabata

    Mai shekaru 50 da haihuwa, Abdul Sumud Shaibu yana nuna hoton kakansa a wayar salula. Ya ce ''kalli tsayinsa'' kakanni na, dogaye ne kuma karfafa, wasunsu, sun yaki masu safarar bayi inji Shu'aibu, akwai lokacin da shakka babu suka yi nasara akwai kuma lokacin da suka yi rashin nasara, rashin na nufin rayuwa cikin kangin bauta.

  • Zanen hoton da Giorgio Albertini yayi, ya nuna yadda a shekarar 1482, aka loda bayi a wani jirgin ruwa daga gabar ruwan Guinea zuwa kasar Portugal.

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Kan hanyar zuwa kasar Portugal

    Dama sana'ar bayi na bunkasa a yankin yammancin Afirka kafin ma jirgin bayin farko ya isa Amirka. A karshen karni na 15, jirgin ruwan kasar Portugal na safarar bayi daga Afrika zuwa kasar. A lokacin ana da Turawa da yawa da ke zaune a can, wannan ya kara bunkasa sana'ar cinikin bayi daga yammancin Afirka ya zuwa kasar Amirka.

  • Zanen wannan hoton, na nuni da yadda aka kona wani kauye a Afirka a shekarar 1859 kafin ayi awon gaba da jama'ar da aka mayar bayi

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Musayar bayi a tsakanin yankunan Atlantic

    Ana kiran tsarin da abin da Bahaushe ke cewa ''bani gishiri na baka manda'' akasarin Turawan za su kawo makamai da kayayyakin masarufi a kuma biyasu da bayi. Za a dauko bayin daga Afirka zuwa Amirka, a gaba a kuma sake musayar bayin da kayan sha kamar gahawa ko ganyen shayi, wadannan kayayyakin za a kuma mayar da su kasashen nahiyar Turai.

  • Hoton na nuni da yadda aka jera bayin a tsakiyar jirgin ruwa

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Tsaka mai wuya

    Halin da bayin ke tsintar kansu a yayin bulaguron ketarawa da su tekun Atlantic, daidai yake da na dabbobi, ana jera bayin daya kan daya kafin a garkamesu da karafuna, babu ishashen abinci ko ruwan sha, wanda ya gamu da rashin lafiya kuwa, ana daukarsa a jefa shi cikin teku don hana yaduwar cutar a tsakanin sauran bayin.

  • Hoton wasu iyalai da ke aiki a gonar auduga

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Bauta a gonar auduga

    Bayan sun isa, a ''sabuwar rayuwar'' da suka sami kai ciki, ana tilasta wa bayin aikin karfi na noman auduga da rake. Masu gonakin attajirai ne a yayin da bayin za su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tsananin talauci. Baya ga haka, rayuwarsu bata ingantuwa face azaba da muzgunawa da ake yi musu. Akwai wadanda ake kai wa aiki a masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, cin zarafi, ba sabon abu ba ne a garesu.

  • An garkame bayi da wannan karfe a yayin ketarawa da su ta tekun Atlantic.

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Azaba

    Ga akasarin bayi, azabtarwa, ta zame musu jiki, ana zane su ko ladabtar da su ta hanyar yaba musu karfe mai zafi da ke barin tabo a jikinsu. Iyayen gidansu ne ke da ikon ba su izinin aure. Bayi ba su da ta cewa, ba su kuma da izinin samun 'yanci daga iyayen gidansu. Wannan karfen da ake gani, an yi amfani da irinsa don garkame bayi, yana dakin adana tarihi na kasar Ivory Coast.

  • Hoton ya baiyana kafafen da aka yi amfani da su wajen safarar bayin daga gabar tashoshin ruwa a yankin yammancin Afirka.

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Akasarin bayin sun fito ne daga kasashen yankin yammancin Afirka

    Cinikin bayin ya kai kololuwa a karni na 18. Kashi biyu daga cikin uku na bayin da aka kai Amirka, sun fito ne daga kasashen yankin Afirka ta yamma, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke sama. Za a ga daga tashashin jiragen ruwan da aka yi safarar su zuwa Amirka. Ba a iya tantance adadin bayin da aka sayar ba, amma ana zaton mutum miliyan arba'in aka sayar a matsayin bayi.

  • Meja Friedrich von der Gröben, a yayin da ya kwace ikon kasar a shekarar 1682 kamar yadda ake gani a hoton.

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Masu cinikin bayi na Jamus

    Jagoran Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm, shi ya gina katafariyar cibiyar ''Friedrichsburg" a gabar ruwan kasar Ghana. A zamanin cinikin bayin, ana kiran kasar da suna "Gold Coast". Daga can ne, Brandenburgers, ya tsunduma cinikayya ta musayar bayin na yankin Atlantic, bayi kusan dubu dari uku aka kiyasta an yi safararsu zuwa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da sabuwar rayuwa.

  • Nana Assenso a yayin da ya kai ziyara kabarin kawunsa Kwame Badu a kauyen Adidwan .

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Tunawa da mamata

    A Adidwan, wani kauye da ke yankin Ashanti, Nana Assenso, ya kai ziyara kabarin kawunsa Kwame Badu. An rada masa sunan wani kakansu da aka sayar a lokacin cinikin bayi. Tun wancan lokacin, ake ci gaba da rada wannan suna daga zamani zuwa zamani na 'ya'ya zuwa jikoki. Nana Assenso shi ma yana da yaron da aka radawa suna Kwame Badu.

  • Aikin fitaccen mai zane na Ghana, Kwame Akoto Bamfo da ke nuna magabatan kasar da cinikin bayi ya yi awon gaba da su.

    Ghana: Shekaru 400 da cinikin bayi

    Wurin adana tarihi na Nuhalenya Ada

    Fitaccen mai zane na kasar Ghana Kwame Akoto Bamfo, ya kamanta magabata da aka sayar kamar yadda yake yanzu haka a dakin adana tarihi a kauyen Nuhalenya Ada. Duk da cewa Britaniya ta ayyana dokar haramta cinikin bayi a shekarar 1808 aka kuma amince da dokar a hukumance a shekarar 1815 a Viennan, ba a daina ba har sai shekarar 1870. Ghana na ci gaba da tuni da zamanin safarar bayi a gabar ruwanta.

    Mawallafi: Clarissa Herrmann (RGB)


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