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敘利亞

敘利亞是世界最古老文明發源地之一。1944年1月1日宣佈獨立,1946年4月7日被聯合國及世界各國認可為正式獨立國家。2011年「阿拉伯之春」後,該國爆發內戰,並造成了二戰結束以來最大規模的難民潮。

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ARCHIV - Eine Medaille mit dem Konterfei von Alfred Nobel ist am 08.12.2007 im Nobel Museum in der Altstadt von Stockholm zu sehen. Die Internetseite des norwegischen Nobelkomitees und der PC eines leitenden Mitarbeiters sind seit Anfang der Woche massiven Hackerangriffen ausgesetzt, die möglicherweise aus China kommen. Vier Wochen nach der Verleihung des Friedensnobelpreises an den chinesischen Bürgerrechtler Liu Xiaobo bestätigte der Chef des Osloer Nobelinstitutes, Geir Lundestad, am Mittwoch in der Zeitung «Aftenposten», dass es einen Versuch zum Eindringen in seinen Büro-Rechner über eine fingierte Mail gegeben habe. Foto: Kay Nietfeld dpa +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Still image from video uploaded on social media website on April 21, 2013 shows dead bodies of people killed during conflict in what was reported by opposition activists to be in the Damascus suburb of Jdeidet al-Fadel. Syrian forces and militiamen loyal to President Bashar al-Assad killed at least 85 people on Sunday, including women and children, when they stormed a Damascus suburb after five days of fighting, opposition activists in the area said. REUTERS/Social Media Website via Reuters Tv (SYRIA - Tags: CONFLICT) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS PICTURE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS IMAGE. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. NO SALES. NO ARCHIVES. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS
Syria's President Bashar al-Assad speaks during an interview with Venezuelan state television TeleSUR in Damascus, in this handout photograph distributed by Syria's national news agency SANA on September 26, 2013. REUTERS/SANA/Handout via Reuters (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CONFLICT CIVIL UNREST) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
FREI FÜR SOCIAL MEDIA Bundesaußenminister Guido Westerwelle (FDP) spricht am 10.09.2013 in Berlin auf einer Pressekonferenz zu den Medienvertretern. Er hält eine deutsche Beteiligung an der Vernichtung syrischer Chemiewaffen für möglich. Deutschland habe bei der Vernichtung von Chemiewaffen erhebliche Erfahrung und auch entsprechende Programme, sagte Westerwelle. Foto: Kay Nietfeld/dpa
Secretary of State John Kerry smiles and talks with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov after they made statements to reporters during their meeting at the State Department in Washington, Friday, Aug. 9, 2013. The crisis in Syria, arms control and missile defense headline what are expected to be chilly talks between top U.S. and Russian foreign and defense chiefs, a sit-down tainted by the case of National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden, which led President Barack Obama to cancel his upcoming meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)
Employee wears gas masks and suits at the chemical air weapons destruction facility on the premises of a new chemical weapons destruction facility at the Settlement of Maradykovo, Kirov Region, on September 10, 2006. The facility's first construction stage has been completed lately. Foto: Grigory Sysoyev +++(c) dpa - Report+++
HANDOUT - Ein undatiertes Foto zeigt Ahmed Assi al-Dscharba. Der von Saudi-Arabien unterstützte Stammesführer wurde in Isanbul zum neuen Vorsitzendend er syrischen opposition gewählt. Foto: SyrianNationalCouncil/dpa (ACHTUNG: Verwendung nur zu redaktionellen Zwecken bei vollständiger Quellenangabe "SyrianNationalCouncil" und unter Berücksichtigung der Creative Common Lizenz CC BY-SA 2.0 - beste verfügbare Qualität) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Delegates vote on a resolution in the United Nations Security Council at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, August 29, 2013. REUTERS/Brendan McDermid (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS)
An opposition fighter runs in front of a sniper curtain across a street in the industrial area of Syria's eastern town of Deir Ezzor during clashes with regime forces on September 12, 2013. Syrian President Bashar al-Assad may have averted a US strike by agreeing to hand over his chemical arsenal but the move could backfire against his weakened regime, analysts say. AFP PHOTO / ABO SHUJA (Photo credit should read ABO SHUJA/AFP/Getty Images)
epa03843453 The convoy of UN inspectors team, headed by Professor Ake Sellstrom, is seen leaving a hotel in Damascus, Syria, 30 August 2013. The team_s destination has not been disclosed but the inspectors, this time, did not wear their bullet-proof jackets. The UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, instructed the 20-strong inspection team in Damascus to leave on 31 August ahead of a possible military strike against Syria. Ban also announced that the team would report to him immediately on departure, raising the possibility that the UN could issue an interim report on the 21 August chemical attacks that left hundreds of people dead. EPA/STR
#13483834 - drapeau onu © ben_photos
Syria's president Bashar al-Assad gestures during an interview with French daily Le Figaro in Damascus in this handout distributed by Syria's national news agency SANA on September 2, 2013. REUTERS/SANA/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: CONFLICT CIVIL UNREST POLITICS ) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry (L) shakes hands with China's Foreign minister Wang Yi before a meeting at the Chinese Foreign Ministry in Beijing April 13, 2013. REUTERS/Yoshuke Mizuno/Pool (CHINA - Tags: POLITICS)
Laboratory equipment and chemicals are seen on display during a news conference at the Defence Ministry in Baghdad June 1, 2013. The materials were confiscated from four men who have been arrested, and are accused of planning to make chemical weapons like nerve and mustard gas, according to the ministry. REUTERS/Stringer (IRAQ - Tags: CIVIL UNREST CRIME LAW)
Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov (R) and his French counterpart Laurent Fabius attend a news conference in Moscow, September 17, 2013. Russia still suspects an August 21 poison gas attack in Syria was a provocation by rebel forces and says a report by U.N. inspectors does not answer all of its questions about the attack, Lavrov said on Tuesday. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov (RUSSIA - Tags: POLITICS)