Tsohon jagoran 'yan adawan Mozambik Afonso Dhlakama: Mugu kuma gwarzo

Daga 1 ga watan janairu 1953 – May 3 2018

An haifi Dhlakama a kauyen Mangunde, a gundumar Sofala na Mozambik. Ya shiga jam'iyyar kwatar 'yanci (FRELIMO) a 1975, shekarar da Mozabik ta sami yancin kai daga kasar Portugal. A 1976 ya balle ya hadu da wasu suka kafa kungiyar gwagwarmaya RNM domin yakar FRELIMO.

Bayan samun mulkin kai, yakin basasa ya barke tsakanin RNM da gwamnatin sabuwar gwamnatin Mozambik. RNM ta samu tallafin makamai daga turawa tsiraru a Rodesiya (Mozambik a yau) da kuma Afirka ta kudu. RNM ta sauya sunanta zuwa RENAMO. Dhlakama ya gaji André Matsangaíssa a matsayin shugaba bayan da ya rasu a fagen yaki a 1979.

Mutane miliyan daya suka mutu, miliyoyi kuma suka tagaiyara a lokacin yakin basasar Mozambik (1977-1992). An kawo karshen yakin da sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniya tsakanin Dhlakama da gwamnati a 1992. A lokacin RENAMO ta rasa babbar kawa Afirka ta kudu inda wariyar launin fata ta fara rushewa. Yarjejeniyar ta kawo karshen nulkin jam’iyya guda, Dhlakama ya fara kiran kansa “Baban dimokradiyya”.

Mozambik ta gudanar da zabenta na farko mai jam’iyyu da dama a 1994. Daya daga cikin zabbuka da RENAMO ta sha kaye kuma Dhlakama ya gaza samun kujerar shugaban kasa. Dhalakama ya yi ikrarin lashe zaben 1999 ya dora laifin rashin nasara ga magudin kuri’iu. Bayan kowane zaben shugaban kasa da ya biyo baya, yana korafin rashin adalci da kuma magudi wanda ya fusata magoya bayan REANMO

Rikicin ya sake barkewa a 2013 bayan da Dhlakama ya koma tsohuwar cibiyarsa da ke tsakiyar yankin Gorongsa inda ya yi kiran gudanar da sauyi a tsarin zabe da kuma kawo karshen nuna wariya ga magoya bayan RENAMO. FRELIMO ta yi watsi da kiran, Dhlakama ya yi fatali da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta 1992 kuma fada ya barke a tsakiyar Mozambik.

A shekaru 20 na zaman lafiya tsakanin 1992 da 2012, RENAMO ta ajiye wata runduna wadda ba a shigar da ita cikin sojojin Mozambik ko kuma karbe makamansu ba, kamar yadda aka tsara a yarejeniyar zaman lafiyar. Wannan ya baiwa RENAMO damar komawa yaki. Sai dai duk da cewa ana yaki RENAMO ta ci gaba da kasancewa a majalisa, lamarin da ya bada damar bullowar sabuwar jam’iyyar adawa MDM

Bayan watanni na rikici da makamai sama sama, shugaba na wancan lokaci Armando Guebuza a hagu da kuma Dhlakama sun sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta a 2014. Kawo karshen yakin shi ne sharadin da aka gindaya wa Dhlakama idan yana so ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a 2014. Bayan kada shi a zabe, Dhlakama ya koma cibiyarsa ta yakin basasa kuma yan Mozambik suka sake fadawa wani yakin basasa.

A watan Satumba 2015, Dhlakama ya tsallake rijiya da baya a harin da aka kai wa ayarin motocinsa a lardin Manica. RENAMO ta dauki harin a matsayin yunkurin hallaka shi. Kasashen duniya sun yi kiran sulhunta rikicin cikin wanda ya yi sanya dubban yan Mozambik gudun hijira zuwa kasashe makwabta.

A Oktoba 2015, 'yan sanda suka kai samame gidan Dhlakama a yankin Beira cibiyar RENAMO birni na biyu mafi girma a Mozambik. Shugabanin RENAMO a yankin wadanda aka samu a gidan a tsare su.

Dhlakama ya fara tattaunawa kai tsaye da shugaba Filipe Nyusi, wanda ya gaji Guebuza, don cimma sabuwar yarjejeniya. Ba tare da masu shiga tsakani ba, sun cimma masalaha da dama. A watan Fabrairu 2018 sun amince da gyaran kundin tsarin mulki domin bada damar raba madafan iko. Har zuwa mutuwar Dhlakama a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu 2018, majalisar dokoki bata kada kuri’a akan sauye sauyen ba.

Dhlakama ya rasu a tsakiyar gwagwarmayarsa a Gorongosa a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu. Yan Mozambik sun halarci bukukuwan binne shi a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu da kuma 10 ga wata a gundumar Sofala. Dhlakama ya bar jam’iyyarsa da gagarumin aikin kammala yarjejeniyar sulhu da kuma kwance damarar yan bindiga na jam’iyyar tare da shigar da su cikin rundar sojin kasa.