Arzikin Kwal a Mozambik

Taraktoci ne na Kamfanonin haƙar kwal ke aiki a garin Tete na ƙasar Mozambik.

A sekarun baya babu wanda ya san wannan gari, to amma tun daga shekara 2007, Allah ya tarfawa garin mazauna garin ruwa, ta hanyar gano ɗimbin albarkatun kwal kokuma charbon.Masanan kimiyar ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kwantanta cewar shine ma yankin da ya fi girma a duniya, ta wannan albarkatu dalili da haka kamfanonin haƙar ma'adanai daga sassa daban-daban na duniya su ka yi masa cya, tare da cenza rayuwar jama'a.Kamfanin haƙar ma'adanai mai suna Vale na ƙasar Brazil na daga masu wannan aiki.

Motocinsa da ke zirga -zirga ko wace na ɗaukar aƙalla ton 400 na kwal kuma ma'aikatansa na aiki ba dare ba rana.

Wannan kamfani ya saka fiye da dalla Amurka miliyan dubu biyu a matsayin somin taɓi a mahaƙar kwal ta Tete.

Nan da shekaru 35 masu zuwa yayi hasashen haƙar kimanin ton miliyan dubu biyu, sannan za shi aiki mai yawa ta fannin raya yankin inji Paulo Horta jami'i a kamfanin Vale:

"Babu shakka yankin Tete da na Moatize za su ci moriya ƙwarai, ba ma daga kamfaninmu kaɗai ba, har daga sauran kamfanonin da ke aiki a nan.Farawa da bisimila har mun horar da matasa 600 wanda muka ba aiki.Ko wane matashi ya na da yauni kansa, ya na buƙatar ci da sha da wurin kwanci, ashe ka ga ba ƙaramin ci gaban ne ba, ta fannin tattalin arziki."

Daga fara haƙar kwal a garin Tete zuwa yanzu, garin sam ya cenza, sabin gine-gine na ɓullowa daga cikin sa, sannan ga shagunan saida hajoji daban-daban.Ta fannin bankuna kaɗai akwai aƙalla 15.

Wasu 'yan garin ma cewa suke bankuna sun fi kantina yawa a Tete, lalle hakan wuce gona da iri ne, to amma a zahiri bankuna a Tete sun bunƙasa.

A ko da yaushe hotel-hotel na cikin garin cike suke maƙil da jama'a.Ko wace sana'a ta bunƙasa kamar, har kullum kasuwani ba su rabuwa da jama'a.

Manuel Catequeta wani jami'i ne a ƙungiyar kare haƙƙoƙin bani Adama, ya zo garin Tete a shekara 2001 har kullum ya na mamaki cenji da wannan gari ya samu, domin a lokacin da ya zo dan ƙaramin gari ne, motocin ba su taka kara sun karya ba:

"Wasu daga cikin gine-ginen ba su ma yi shekara guda ba. A wurare da dama da an tarin shara ne amma yanzu an gina shaguna akai".

A yanzu masu hada-hadar gidaje na cin karensu babu babbaka a garin Tete.A cewar Catequta kuɗin haya sun lunka har sau 20.Gidan da mutun zai samu a shekarun baya da Euro 200, yanzu sai ya zuba Euro dubu huɗu.

Banda al'umar Mozambik akwai 'yan ƙasashe maƙwafta da dama da suka kwararo Tete, wannan matar da ta mallaki wani shago kitso ta zo daga ƙasar Zimbabwe, ga kuma abinda take faɗa:

"Tete ta ci gaba, akwai kamfanoni da dama da ke aiki a ciki, wasu daga Afrika ta Kudu,wasu daga Amurika.A lokacin da na zo garin bai kai haka ba , babu motoci da yawa cikin tituna, amma yanzu cinkoso yayi yawa.Kamfanoni sun samar da aiki ga jama'a.Kai! mu dai Allah san barka,rayuwarmu ta inganta."

To sai dai saɓanin yadda jama'a da dama ke yaba ci gaban da aka samu a Tete sanadiyar zuwa kamfanonin haƙar ma'adai, shi kuwa wannan ɗan ci rani wanda shima ya zo daga ƙasar Zimbabwe,cewa yayi har yanzu da sake kuma ya bada hujjojinsa:

"Ci gaba ba a nufi bani kawai a ci asha a sa surtura mai kyau. A'a hangen abinda zai je ya zo zuwa gaba.Wane irin tanadi a kayi domin ilimantar da matasa wanda zai basu damar su ɗauki yaunin kansu da kansu zuwa gaba ta hanyar samin aiki inganttace. Wannan shine ci gaba, kuma a halin yanzu babu shi."

Biri yayi kama da mutum domin ƙiddidigar Hukumar ci gaban ƙasashen duniya wato UNDP a shekara bana ta jera ƙasar Mozambik a sahu na 184 ta fannin cigaba.A Afrika ta tserewa ƙasahe ukku kawai wato Jamhuriya Demokradiyar Kongo, Nijar da Burundi.Har yanzu mafi yawan al'umar ƙasa na fama da ƙazamin talauci,domin ba ta gani ba aƙass cigaban da ake shelar samu, a Mozambik.

Amma a tunanin Alberto Vaquina tsohan gwamnan jihar Tete, kuma shugaban gwamntain Mozambik mai ci yanzu babu ja, ƙasar sa ta kama hanyar bunƙasa:

"Gwamnati na iya ƙoƙarinta domin biyan buƙatocin jama'a to amma ba daidai ne ba mutum ya dogara rayuwarsa kacokam ga taimakon gwamnatin.Kamata ta yi kowa ya ɗauki matsayin tashi in tanye ka.haka kuma ya zama wajibi ne,kowa yayi amfani da basira da hikimar da Allah ya ba shi, domin ƙirƙiro hanyoyin da zai samar da ababen gudanar da rayuwarsa, ba tare da yin dogaro ga kowa ba."

A tunanin mutane da dama na ƙasar Mozambik wannan batu na yin dogaro da kai tamkar almara ce.Bayan an gano kol a birnin Tete an tada mutane da dama daga matsugunansu, tarte da alƙawarta masu biyan kuɗaɗen diyya, to amma har yanzu gwamnati da kamfanonin da aka saida wa wuraren ba su cika wannan alƙawari ba.

A watan Janairu na wannan shekara ɗaruruwan mutane na garin Cateme, kusa da Tete sun shirya zanga-zanga inda suka toshe wata gada da ake jigilar kwal kanta zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Moatize.Sun yi hakan domin cilastawa gwamnati ta biya alƙawuran da ta yi masu, to amma haƙar su ba ta cimma ruwa ba inji Gomes Antonio Sopa wani mazaunin garin:

"Lokacin da su ka tashe mu daga matsugunnanmu, kamfamnin Vale ya yi mana alƙawarin za su ɗauke mu aiki, to amma har yanzu alƙawarin bai tabbata ba.Sannan sun ce za su bamu Eka bibiyu, ya zuwa yanzu sun bamu guda-guda, sannan sun ce zasu gyara mana tituna, amma shiru kake ji.Sun yi alƙawura iri-iri amma ba su cika ba."

A yayin da al'umar Mozambik ke ƙorafe-ƙorafe game da rashin cin gajiyar albarkatun Kol, da aka fara haƙowa suka kamfanonin da ke haƙar wannan ma'adani na tamkar kakarsu ta yanke saka.Misali kamfanin Vale na ƙasar Brazil da ya fara wannan hada-hada,a shekara 2007, ƙiddidiga ta gano cewar, daga wannan lokaci zuwa yanzu, ya ci ribar tsabar kuɗi wuri na gugar wuri, har Euro miliyan dubu ɗaya.Ya na haɗin gwiwa da wasu kamfanonin cikin gida kamar su kamfanin CETA.

A ɗaya hannun, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙoƙin bani Adama, sun yi Allah wadai ga kamfanonin haƙar ma'adani na yankin Tete, a shekara 2012 ƙungiyar kare mahalli ta ƙasa da ƙasa wato Greenpeace ta jera kamfanin Vale a matsayin kamfanin da ya fi gurɓata mahalli a duniya.

Mawallafa: Marta Barroso/ Yahouza Sadissou
Edita: Mohammad Nasiru Awal