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选举

奉行代议民主制的国家或地区,会通过选举选出议会成员、国家元首和政府首脑(如总统、总理、首相)等,也会以此选出地方政府的行政官员。除此之外,选举也被广泛应用于许多私人组织或商业机构,由民间团体、学校以至公司,也会采用选举作为制定人事决策的手段。

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Titel: Wahlkampagne Serbien Beschreibung: Billboards und Plakate in Belgrad (Serbien) vor Wahlen am 6. Mai. Fotos: DW Korrespodent Ivica Petrovic. Datum: 22. April 2012
ARCHIV - Der Chef der Oppositionspartei Nea Dimokratia (ND), Antonis Samaras, spricht am 12.05.2011 in Athen. Samaras beharrt auf seine Meinung. Europa ruft ihn seit Wochen auf, so schnell wie möglich einen Konsens zu suchen, mit dem die griechischen Parteien alle zusammen das schwierige Sparprogramm in die Tat umsetzen und Griechenland sicher aus der Krise führen. Foto: Simela Pantzartzi dpa (zu dpa-Korr. vom 23.06.2011) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Republican presidential candidate, former House Speaker Newt Gingrich waves during a Super Tuesday rally on Tuesday, March 6, 2012 in Atlanta. (Foto:Evan Vucci/AP/dapd)
A protester shouts slogans during a May Day protest in Athens, Tuesday, May 1, 2012. In debt-crippled Greece, more than 2,000 people marched through central Athens in subdued May Day protests centered on the country's harsh austerity program. The Greek elections are scheduled for Sunday, May 6. (Foto:AP/dapd).
***Für mögliche Ergänzungen der Karte, wie z.B. andere Sprachen, zusätzliche Orte oder Markierungskreuz, wenden Sie sich bitte an infografik@dw-world.de (-2566), Außerhalb der Bürozeiten an bilder@dw-world.de (-2555).***
Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte, left, leaves royal palace Huis ten Bosch after meeting with Dutch Queen Beatrix in The Hague, Netherlands, Monday April 23, 2012. Rutte was expected to hand in his resignation to the Queen after seven weeks of talks to hammer out an austerity package aimed at bringing the Dutch budget deficit back within European Union limits collapsed Saturday. (Foto:Peter Dejong/AP/dapd).
East Timorese presidential candidate Taur Matan Ruak delivers a speech during his campaign rally in Dili, East Timor, Tuesday, April 10, 2012. East Timor will hold its second round of presidential election on April 16. (Foto:Kandhi Barnez/AP/dapd)
French President and UMP party candidate for the elections Nicolas Sarkozy, right, pauses as he speaks to journalists gathered outside his campaign headquarters the morning after the first round of voting in Paris, Monday, April 23, 2012. French Socialist Francois Hollande has taken his plodding, undynamic campaign to become France's next president to within spitting distance of victory over the "hyper-president" Nicolas Sarkozy, finishing first in Sunday's initial round of voting. (Foto:Laurent Cipriani/AP/dapd)
Francois Lafite/Wostok Press/Maxppp France, Paris 06/02/2012 Le President de la Republique Nicolas Sarkozy et la chanceliere allemande Angela Merkel donnent une conference de presse a l issue du Conseil des Ministres franco allemand, au Palais de l Elysee. French president Nicolas Sarkozy and German chancellor Angela Merkel give a press conference after the french german minister council, at the Elysee presidential palace.
Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service, Germany Picture Service Supporters of Francois Hollande, Socialist Party candidate for the 2012 French presidential election, react as they watch a giant screen outside the Rue de Solferino Socialist Party headquarters in Paris as Hollande delivers his speech from Tulle after early results in the first round vote of the 2012 French presidential election April 22, 2012. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier (FRANCE - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
France's President and candidate for re-election in 2012, Nicolas Sarkozy, shows the letter to the French population as he speaks to reporters during a press conference as part of his presidential campaign in Paris, Thursday, April 5, 2012, 16 days from the first round of voting. (Foto:Michel Euler/AP/dapd) Jean Luc Melenchon, leader of France's leftist political party and Front de Gauche political party's candidate for the 2012 French presidential election, presents his New Year's greetings to the media in Les Lilas, in the suburb of Paris, Wednesday, Jan. 4, 2012. (AP Photo/Francois Mori) France's far-right National Front candidate for the upcoming presidential election in 2012, Marine Le Pen, gestures as she delivers a speech to the main farmers union in Montpellier, southern France, Thursday, March 29, 2012. (Foto:Michel Euler/AP/dapd) France's Socialist Party candidate for the 2012 French presidential election, Francois Hollande, delivers a speech during competitiveness Challenge meeting in Paris, Tuesday, March 13, 2012. (Foto:Jacques Brinon/AP/dapd)
A French voter prepares to cast their ballot for the second round of the presidential election at a polling station in Paris, Sunday, May 6, 2007. French voters cast ballots Sunday in a presidential election that offers a clear choice for the country's future, with conservative front-runner Sarkozy urging France to work more and Socialist Segolene Royal pledging to safeguard welfare protections. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)
Former army chief and guerrilla leader Jose Maria de Vasconcelos, also known as Taur Matan Ruak, speaks to reporters during a news conference in Dili March 18, 2012. Vasconcelos resigned from his military position to run for president. East Timor's first-round presidential election ended peacefully late on Saturday, with polling stations now counting votes ahead of a provisional result due on Sunday. REUTERS/Lirio Da Fonseca (EAST TIMOR - Tags: ELECTIONS POLITICS MILITARY HEADSHOT PROFILE) // Eingestellt von wa
Supporters of former Egyptian Vice President Omar Suleiman chant in front of his posters out side the Higher Presidential Elections Commission, in Cairo, Egypt, Sunday, April 8, 2012. A former strongman of ousted President Hosni Mubarak's regime has announced his presidential candidacy, shaking up an already heated race that is emerging as a contest between two longtime rivals _ former regime officials and Islamists who have surged in influence. (Foto:Amr Nabil/AP/dapd)
U.S. President Barack Obama (R) introduces Dartmouth College President Jim Yong Kim (C) as his nominee to be the next president of the World Bank, in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, March 23, 2012. Alongside Kim is Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (L). REUTERS/Jason Reed (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS)
President-elect Barack Obama gets out of his vehicle before boarding a plane at the Philadelphia International Airport, Tuesday, Dec. 2, 2008, in Philadelphia, Pa. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)
epa03051544 Serbian President Boris Tadic (R) during the visit at Orthodox Visoki Decani Monastery, in Decani, Kosovo, 06 January 2012. Kosovo police have arrested six Self-Determination Movement members who tried to prevent Serbian President Boris Tadic from entering Kosovo. Serbian Orthodox believers celebrate Christmas according to the Julian calendar, which runs two weeks behind the Gregorian calendar. EPA/VALDRIN XHEMAJ
epa03022902 (FILE) A file picture dated 17 November 2011 shows Myanmar President Thein Sein arriving at the Bali Nusa Dua Convention Center before the opening ceremony of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit in Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia. According to media reports on 03 December 2011, Sein has signed a law allowing peaceful demonstrations as long as permission is sought five days in advance. The government has also pushed through a fairly liberal labor law, providing the right to unionize and has freed more than 300 political prisoners. EPA/STEPHEN MORRISON *** Local Caption *** 00000403006037 +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
epa03167424 Myanmar democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi is framed by a window of a school used as a polling booth for parliamentary by-elections as she inspects voting in the constituency of Kawmhu in which she is running for a seat in parliament, in Myanmar, 01 April 2012. Millions of people in Myanmar, under military rule for decades, headed to vote in the by-election that could Suu Kyi in parliament. It is the first election the Nobel peace laureate Suu Kyi, 66, has contested, as she was under house arrest during Myanmar's past two general elections in 1990 and 2010. EPA/BARBARA WALTON
German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle addresses the media during a statement on Greece and other issues in Berlin, Germany, Friday, March 9, 2012. (Foto:Michael Sohn/AP/dapd)
Demonstrators march at Troitsky bridge during a protest against Kremlin policies and vote rigging in St.Petersburg, Russia, Saturday, March 24, 2012. (Foto:Dmitry Lovetsky/AP/dapd)