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选举

奉行代议民主制的国家或地区,会通过选举选出议会成员、国家元首和政府首脑(如总统、总理、首相)等,也会以此选出地方政府的行政官员。除此之外,选举也被广泛应用于许多私人组织或商业机构,由民间团体、学校以至公司,也会采用选举作为制定人事决策的手段。

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President Barack Obama joins former President Bill Clinton (R) onstage after Clinton nominated Obama for re-election during the second session of the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina, September 5, 2012. REUTERS/Jason Reed (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS) // Eingestellt von wa
Delegates applaud during the closing session of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 21, 2007. The 17th CPC National Congress closes here on Sunday. Xinhua /Landov +++(c) dpa - Report+++
Angola's President Jose Eduardo dos Santos applauds as he attends the inauguration of the new Luanda Bay Marginal in the capital Luanda August 28, 2012. REUTERS/Siphiwe Sibeko (ANGOLA - Tags: POLITICS)
Supporters of Angola's main opposition UNITA party, wearing t-shirts with an image of party leader Isaias Samakuva, dance during the party's last rally ahead of parliamentary elections in Viana, about 30 km (19 miles) east of the capital Luanda, August 29, 2012. Angolans will go to the polls on Friday to elect lawmakers and their president. REUTERS/Siphiwe Sibeko (ANGOLA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney speaks at his election night rally in Schaumburg, Ill., Tuesday, March 20, 2012. Romney won Illinois primary. (Foto:Steven Senne/AP/dapd).
Geschäftsmann schreibt geschäftsmann; schreibt; papier; stift; hände; schreiben; unterzeichnung; verträge; business; dokument; skizzieren; erläutern; anleiten; hand; ausbildung; ausfüllen; bewerten; antwort; kaukasisch; büro; deal; vertrag; ehevertrag; financial; firmen; fragebogen; hemd; kaufmann; lernen; mann; meeting; männlich; pen; probe; schreibarbeit; schreibtisch; schriften; text; tisch; umfrage; zeichen
Somali police men carry an injured Somali soldier in Mogadishu Wednesday Aug.1, 2012 . The soldier was injured after two suicide bombers who were trying to blow up the constituent assembly venue were shot dead by security forces police said.(Foto:Farah Abdi Warsameh/AP/dapd)
Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Halima Warfali, one of the voting members, prepares to cast her ballot during a meeting with members of the National Congress to vote on the selection of the National Congress president and two deputies at a hotel in Tripoli August 9, 2012. REUTERS/Esam Al-Fetori (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS) /eingest. sc
India's former Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee, who resigned in June to run for the presidency, waves after his meeting with Congress party members in the central Indian city of Bhopal July 11, 2012. REUTERS/Raj Patidar (INDIA - Tags: POLITICS)
NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen speaks during a press conference in NATO military airport in Slatina, Kosovo, on Wednesday, July 11, 2012. ( AP Photo / Visar Kryeziu ).
East Timorese election commission volunteers open a ballot box for the ballot counting of the presidential election in Dili March 17, 2012. East Timor's first-round presidential election ended peacefully late on Saturday, with polling stations now counting votes ahead of a provisional result due on Sunday. REUTERS/Lirio Da Fonseca (EAST TIMOR - Tags: ELECTIONS POLITICS)
High National Election Commission workers check ballot boxes after collecting them from different polling stations as they prepare for the final count, in Benghazi July 8, 2012. Nine months after Muammar Gaddafi's death at the hands of rebels, Libya has defied fears it would descend into violence by pulling off a largely peaceful election, its first national and free vote in 60 years. REUTERS/Esam Al-Fetori (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
Wahltag in Tripolis 07.07.2012 Kopierechte: Essam Zuber, DW Korrespondent in Libyen. Zugestellt von Moncef Slimi
Abdel Hakim Belhadj, leader of Al-Watan party and former head of the Tripoli military counsel, casts his vote at a polling station during the National Assembly election in Tripoli July 7, 2012. Libyans, some with tears of joy in their eyes, queued to vote in their first free national election in 60 years on Saturday, a poll designed to shake off the legacy of Muammar Gaddafi but which risks being hijacked by violence. REUTERS/Ismail Zitouny (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
Libyan men queue up to cast their vote outside a polling station in Tripoli July 7, 2012. Libyans began voting in their first free national election in 60 years on Saturday, a poll designed to shake off the legacy of Muammar Gaddafi but which risks being hijacked by autonomy demands in the east and unrest in the desert south. Voters will choose a 200-member assembly which will elect a prime minister and cabinet before laying the ground for full parliamentary elections next year under a new constitution. REUTERS/Ismail Zitouny (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
A Libyan woman holds a banner in support of the Muslim Brotherhood party in Martyr's Square in Tripoli, Libya, Thursday 5, 2012. The Libyan National Assembly elections will take place on July 7, 2012, the first free elections since 1969. (AP Photo/Manu Brabo)
This is a Wednesday, Sept. 26, 2007, file photo of Iceland's President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson as testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington. Iceland's President Grimsson on Tuesday Jan 5, 2010 , blocked a bill to pay Britain and the Netherlands $5.7 billion for losses from the collapse of one of its banks, threatening to undermine the crippled North Atlantic nation's attempts to repair international relations. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
Mongolen wählen neues Parlament epa03283920 A view of a giant 3D artwork of the elections outside the headquarters of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, 27 June 2012 on the eve of the parliamentary elections in Mongolia. Mongolians on 28 June 2012 will vote to elect the next government of a country with some of the world's largest reserves of gold, iron ore, copper and coal, while one-third of the population lives under the official poverty line. Situated between Russia to the north and China to the south, Mongolia is home to 2.78 million people with nearly half the population living in the capital. EPA/HOW HWEE YOUNG
An army soldier looks on as supporters of former prime minister and current presidential candidate Ahmed Shafik shout slogans against the Muslim Brotherhood's presidential candidate Mohamed Morsy as they cheer for the Supreme Council for the Armed Forces (SCAF) in front of the military parade stand at Nasr City in Cairo June 23, 2012. Egyptians find out on Sunday whether their next president will be a former military officer or an Islamist from the army's old adversary, the Muslim Brotherhood, after a long week's wait since a vote to pick a successor to the deposed Hosni Mubarak. REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS CIVIL UNREST MILITARY)
Egyptian protesters shout slogans in Tahrir Square as the country awaits the outcome of a presidential runoff vote in Cairo, Egypt, Saturday, June 23, 2012. Tens of thousands of supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood have rallied in the capital's Tahrir Square in a show of force backing candidate Mohammed Morsi, who has warned against manipulating results in a vote that he says he has won. (Foto:Manu Brabo/AP/dapd)
At the entrance to Pakistan's Supreme Court, seen here on January 30, 2008, coils of concertina wire and barricades attest to the turmoil surrounding the judicial system. Nearly three months ago, President Pervez Musharraf sacked more than 60 judges. Foto: Tim Johnson/MCT /Landov +++(c) dpa - Report+++
Ballots for Egypt's presidential elections are seen in a ballot box at a polling station in Cairo June 16, 2012. Egyptians queued to choose a new leader on Saturday in the first free presidential election in their history, facing a stark choice between a conservative Islamist and a former military officer who served ousted autocrat Hosni Mubarak. REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
Supporters of Greece's extreme right Golden Dawn party gather outside their party's headquarters as ballots are thrown from the building in Athens June 17, 2012. Greece's main pro-bailout parties could form a coalition government with the slimmest of majorities, according to updated exit polls on an election watched by the world to see if the debt-laden country stays in the euro zone. REUTERS/Yorgos Karahalis (GREECE - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS BUSINESS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
Supporter of Greece's radical left SYRIZA party watch the exit polls in the main SYRIZA campaign center in central Athens June 17, 2012. A joint exit poll by five pollsters, published as voting closed on Sunday, showed New Democracy taking between 27.5 percent and 30.5 percent of the vote. SYRIZA was essentially level with 27-30 percent, followed by the PASOK Socialists taking 10-12 percent of the vote. REUTERS/Yorgos Karahalis (GREECE - Tags: ELECTIONS POLITICS)
A conservative New Democracy supporter points at a television screen showing the exit polls in the main New Democracy campaign center in Athens' Syntagma square June 17, 2012. A joint exit poll by five pollsters, published as voting closed on Sunday, showed New Democracy taking between 27.5 percent and 30.5 percent of the vote. SYRIZA was essentially level with 27-30 percent, followed by the PASOK Socialists taking 10-12 percent of the vote. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (GREECE - Tags: ELECTIONS POLITICS)
Voters wait outside a polling station in Cairo June 17, 2012. A second day of voting on Sunday will deliver Egypt's first freely elected president, though the country faces renewed tension whether he is a former general from the old guard or an Islamist from the long-suppressed Muslim Brotherhood. REUTERS/Suhaib Salem (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
epa03257690 A local Nice resident casts her ballot paper at a polling station in the southern French city during the first round of the French Parliamentary elections in 10 June 2012. The elections are expected to determine the extent and pace of reform under new President Francois Hollande. EPA/SEBASTIEN NOGIER
The Greek Parliament is seen in Athens, Monday, May 7, 2012. Bailout-reliant Greece faces weeks of financial turmoil after voters angry at crippling income cuts punished mainstream politicians, let a far-right extremist group into Parliament and gave no party enough votes to govern alone. (Foto:Thanassis Stavrakis/AP/dapd)