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选举

奉行代议民主制的国家或地区,会通过选举选出议会成员、国家元首和政府首脑(如总统、总理、首相)等,也会以此选出地方政府的行政官员。除此之外,选举也被广泛应用于许多私人组织或商业机构,由民间团体、学校以至公司,也会采用选举作为制定人事决策的手段。

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An Afghan woman, right, casts her vote in the presidential election at a polling station in Kandahar province, south of Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, Aug. 20, 2009. (AP Photo/Musadeq Sadeq)
A woman leaves a ballot booth after casting her vote during general elections in Vilnius October 14, 2012. Lithuanians are likely to eject their centre-right government in an election on Sunday that could be a taste of what awaits other European leaders forced by the financial crisis to implement unpopular austerity measures. REUTERS/Ints Kalnins (LITHUANIA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS) // eingestellt von se
Members of a local electoral commission empty a ballot box at a polling station after voting day in Kiev October 28, 2012. Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich's pro-business party seemed likely to hold on to a majority in parliament after an election on Sunday, but it will face a revitalised opposition boosted by a resurgent nationalist party, exit polls showed. REUTERS/Gleb Garanich (UKRAINE - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
A woman passes by a poster of Ukrainian parliamentary candidte, heavyweight boxing superstar Vitali Klitschko in central Kiev on October 26, 2012. Ukraine's opposition and the party of President Viktor Yanukovych on Friday made a final push for votes on the last day of campaigning before the country's tightly-contested weekend parliamentary polls. AFP PHOTO / VIKTOR DRACHEV (Photo credit should read VIKTOR DRACHEV/AFP/Getty Images)
Symbolbild Wirtschaftswachstum USA
Symbolbild zu "USA, Wahlen, Präsidentschaftswahl" Bild: Fotolia/grandeduc #38174628
Former Italian Premier and PDL, People for Freedom, party president Silvio Berlusconi talks to journalists during a press conference, in Rome, Friday, May 25, 2012. Berlusconi announced his party will propose a constitutional reform modelled on the French Presidential Republic, giving more power to the President that would be directly elected by citizens.(Foto:Andrew Medichini/AP/dapd)
Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, right, and President Barack Obama shake hands with audience members following the third presidential debate at Lynn University, Monday, Oct. 22, 2012, in Boca Raton, Fla. (Foto:Eric Gay/AP/dapd)
Participants stand during the handover ceremony of power from of the National Transitional Council (NTC) to members of the national congress in Tripoli, August 8, 2012. Libya's ruling council handed over power to a newly elected national assembly on Wednesday in the North African country's first peaceful transition of power in its modern history but which comes amid heightened violence. REUTERS/Esam Al-Fetori (LIBYA - Tags: POLITICS) /eingest. sc
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gestures as he addresses the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem, Sunday, Sept. 9, 2012. (Foto:Menahem Kahana, Pool/AP/dapd)
A woman with a child casts her ballot at a polling station in Vilnius, Lithuania, Sunday, Oct. 14, 2012. Lithuanians are expected to deal a double-blow to the incumbent conservative government in national elections Sunday by handing a victory to opposition leftists and populists and saying 'no' to a new nuclear power plant that supporters claim would boost the country's energy independence. (Foto:Mindaugas Kulbis/AP/dapd)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gestures as he addresses the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem, Sunday, Sept. 9, 2012. (Foto:Menahem Kahana, Pool/AP/dapd)
epa03424611 People queue to cast their vote for the Venezuelan presidential elections in Caracas, Venezuela, 07 October 2012. Polling stations opened 07 October in Venezuela, in an election in which incumbent President Hugo Chavez seeks a further six-year mandate. The left-wing populist Chavez, 58, who has been in power since 1999, faces tough opposition from Henrique Capriles, 40, the candidate of the unified opposition. EPA/MIGUEL GUTIERREZ +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney speaks during the first presidential debate with President Barack Obama (not pictured) in Denver October 3, 2012. REUTERS/Jason Reed (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS USA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION)
epa02867054 Jordan's King Abdullah II delivers a speech at the Raghadan Palace in Amman, Jordan, on 14 August 2011. King Abdullah II on Sunday announced that a royal committee had adopted "history-making" amendments to the constitution that would institutionalize political reforms. The amendments included the setting up of a constitutional court, the supervising of general elections by an independent committee and the trial of cabinet ministers in civil courts, he told a meeting at the royal palace shortly after receiving the panel's recommendations. EPA/JAMAL NASRALLAH
Alle Fotos wurden von unserer Korrespondentin in Tiflis Amalia Oganjanyan gemacht, also - DW-Copyright Bildbeschreibungen: In Georgien fanden die Parlamentswahlen statt. Noch vor der Bekanntgabe offizieller Resultate feierte die Anhänger der Opposition ihren Sieg über die Partei des Präsidenten Saakaschwili. Laut den ersten Angaben der zentralen Wahlkommission, stimmten mehr als die Hälfte der Wähler für das oppositionelle Bündnis "Georgiens Traum". Georgien2: Nach Schließung der Wahllokale begann die Stimmzählung. Die Wahlhelfer leeren eine Wahlurne..
epa03415732 A member of the election commission prepares voting booths at a polling station in the village of Sartichala, some 30 kilometers from Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 September 2012. Parliamentary election will be held in Georgia on 01 October 2012. The vote will usher in a major constitutional change, as the prime minister, rather than the president, will hold the most political power from the October 2013 presidential elections onwards. EPA/ZURAB KURTSIKIDZE +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Belarus' President Alexander Lukashenko speaks at a news conference in Minsk, Belarus, Friday, June 17, 2011. Belarus' authoritarian President Alexander Lukashenko says he may shut the ex-Soviet nation's borders and tighten controls over imports to cope with the financial crisis. (ddp images/AP Photo/Nikolai Petrov, BelTA, POOL) // Eingestellt von wa
Belarus soldiers cast their ballots during a parliamentary election at a polling station in Minsk September 23, 2012. The election on Sunday is likely to reinforce hardline President Alexander Lukashenko's grip on the small former Soviet country despite a boycott call from the dispirited opposition. REUTERS/Vasily Fedosenko (BELARUS - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS MILITARY)
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh attends a Full Planning Commission meeting at his residence in New Delhi on September 15, 2012. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh defended September 15 a string of economic reforms unveiled by his government, despite protests over higher fuel prices and new foreign investment rules. AFP PHOTO/POOL/RAVEENDRAN (Photo credit should read RAVEENDRAN/AFP/GettyImages)
Dutch Prime Minister and Liberal Party (VVD) leader Mark Rutte reacts on stage after the final results in the Netherlands' general election in The Hague September 13, 2012. Rutte early on Thursday claimed victory in Wednesday's general election. REUTERS/Yves Herman (NETHERLANDS - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS - SEPTEMBER 11: A cyclist passes election posters of the many parties taking part in tomorrows Dutch parliamentary elections, on September 11, 2012 in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Labour Party (PVDA) are head to head in the elections dominated by the financial crisis in Europe and the role of the European Union. (Photo by Jasper Juinen/Getty Images)
Hong Kong Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying (C) opens a ballot box at a ballot counting centre in Hong Kong on early September 10, 2012. Hong Kong voters went to the polls on September 9 in legislative elections seen as a crucial test for the Beijing-backed government, as calls for full democracy grow and disenchantment with Chinese rule surges. AFP PHOTO / Philippe Lopez (Photo credit should read PHILIPPE LOPEZ/AFP/GettyImages)