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阿拉伯之春

2010年年底在北非和西亞的阿拉伯國家和其它地區的一些國家發生一系列以「民主」和「經濟」等為主題的反政府運動。

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Symbolbild mit iranischer und syrischer Flagge und Waffen
A Syrian Air Force fighter plane flies over the Syrian town of Ras al-Ain during an air strike, as seen from the Turkish border town of Ceylanpinar, Sanliurfa province November 13, 2012. A Syrian warplane struck homes in the town of Ras al-Ain on Tuesday within sight of the Turkish border, pursuing an aerial bombardment to force out rebels and drawing a new warning from Ankara. The second day of jet strikes sent Syrians scurrying through the flimsy barbed-wire fence that divides Ras al-Ain from the Turkish settlement of Ceylanpinar as thick plumes of smoke rose above the town. REUTERS/Osman Orsal (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS CONFLICT MILITARY TRANSPORT)
Wreckage and debris are seen after a car bomb exploded at a crowded petrol station in Barzeh al-Balad district in Damascus, in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA on January 3, 2013. At least 11 people were killed and 40 wounded in the explosion, opposition activists said. The station was packed with people queueing for fuel that has become increasingly scarce during the country's 21-month-long insurgency
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov (L) shake hands with UN-Arab League peace envoy Lakhdar Brahimi as they arrive for talks in Moscow, on December 29, 2012. AFP PHOTO / KIRILL KUDRYAVTSEV (Photo credit should read KIRILL KUDRYAVTSEV/AFP/Getty Images)
View of buildings damaged by what activists said were missiles fired by a Syrian Air Force fighter jet loyal to President Bashar al-Assad in Binsh near Idlib January 2, 2013. REUTERS/Muhammad Najdet Qadour/Shaam News Network/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: CONFLICT) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
This photo posted on the website freejamesfoley.org shows journalist James Foley in Aleppo, Syria, in September, 2012. The family of an American journalist says he went missing in Syria more than one month ago while covering the civil war there. A statement released online Wednesday by the family of James Foley said he was kidnapped in northwest Syria by unknown gunmen on Thanksgiving day. (AP Photo/Manu Brabo, freejamesfoley.org) NO SALES
Ausschnitt aus: Residents gather near bodies of men whom activists said were killed by forces loyal to Syria's President Bashar Al-Assad, before their funeral in Daraya near Damascus December 12, 2012. Picture taken December 12. REUTERS/Kenan Al-Derani/Shaam News Network/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
Islamist Egyptian protesters attend a demonstration by hundreds of Salafists for the enforcement of Islamic sharia law at Tahrir Square in Cairo November 9, 2012. REUTERS/Mohamed Abd El Ghany (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS RELIGION CIVIL UNREST)
Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov (L) welcomes U.N.-Arab League peace mediator Lakhdar Brahimi of Algeria, in Moscow December 29, 2012. REUTERS/Sergei Karpukhin (RUSSIA - Tags: POLITICS)
Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, talks with his Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov as they wait for a bilateral meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda at the APEC summit in Vladivostok, Russia, Saturday, Sept. 8, 2012. (AP Photo/G/Sergei Karpukhin,Pool)
Smoke rises during a fight between Free Syrian Army fighters and forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad at the front line in Aleppo December 26, 2012. REUTERS/Ahmed Jadallah (SYRIA - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS CONFLICT)
A car which exploded in the Qabun district of Damascus, Syria, on December 22, 2012, killed six men and wounded dozens of people. Photo by AA/ABACAPRESS.COM
Auf dem Bild: .Demo für Frauenrechte in Tunis am 10.12.2012.auf Arabisch jungen plädieren für "Respekt der Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte". Aufnahmedatum: 10 Dezember 2012, Tunesien. Rechte: Moncef Slimi, DW Redakteur.
Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Syria's President Bashar al-Assad (R) meets International peace envoy for Syria Lakhdar Brahimi in Damascus December 24, 2012 in this handout photograph released by Syria's national news agency SANA. Brahimi met with Assad in Damascus on Monday to discuss a solution to the country's 21-month-old conflict. Brahimi told journalists after the meeting that he discussed the situation in Syria overall and gave his views on how to solve the crisis. He said conditions in the country were still poor. REUTERS/Sana (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
Residents walk near a bakery damaged by what activists said were missiles fired by a Syrian Air Force fighter jet from forces loyal to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad at Halfaya, near Hama December 23, 2012. Dozens of people were killed in an air strike while queuing for bread in Syria's central Hama province on Sunday, activists said. REUTERS/Samer Al-Hamwi/Shaam News Network/Handout (SYRIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
Bundesaußenminister Guido Westerwelle (FDP) äußert sich am 26.11.2012 im Auswärtigen Amt in Berlin am Rande eines Treffens mit seinem afghanischen Amtskollegen über die Situation in Ägypten. Foto: Wolfgang Kumm/dpa
The U.N.-Arab League envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi talks with Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi, unseen, during their meeting at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing, China Wednesday, Oct. 31, 2012. Brahimi met Yang to solicit support from Beijing in international efforts to ending Syria's civil war. (Foto:Takuro Yabe, Pool/AP/dapd)
Egypt's Vice-President Mahmoud Mekky is seen in this handout photo made available by the Egyptian Presidency in Cairo in this August 30, 2012 file photo. Mekky has resigned from his post a presidential source said on December 22, 2012, without giving any reason. The source said the presidential spokesman would issue a statement shortly. Mekky took a leading role in hosting "national unity" talks called by President Mohamed Mursi, although the main opposition politicians stayed away. REUTERS/Egyptian Presidency/Handout/Files (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS HEADSHOT) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS
Syrian men inspect the scene of a car bomb explosion in Jaramana, a mainly Christian and Druze suburb of Damascus, on November 28, 2012. Simultaneous bombings in the mostly Druze and Christian town of Jaramana near Damascus killed at least 38 people and sent residents fleeing in panic, a watchdog and witnesses said. AFP PHOTO/LOUAI BESHARA (Photo credit should read LOUAI BESHARA/AFP/Getty Images)
Boys stand with their fathers as they queue outside a voting centre in the final stage of a referendum on Egypt's new constitution in Giza, south of Cairo, December 22, 2012. Egyptians voted on a constitution drafted by Islamists on Saturday in a second round of balloting expected to approve the charter that opponents say will create deeper turmoil in Egypt. REUTERS/Khaled Abdullah (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)
ARCHIV - Verteidigungsminister Thomas de Maizière (CDU) spricht am 18.05.2011 in Berlin zum Thema Bundeswehrreform. Er besucht am Dienstag (24.07.2012) Bundeswehrstandorte in Trier und Koblenz. Während seiner Sommerreise informiert er unter anderem über die Fortschritte der Bundeswehrreform. In Rheinland-Pfalz macht de Maizière Station bei der Wehrtechnischen Dienststelle in Trier und dem Heeresführungskommando in Koblenz. Foto: Maurizio Gambarini dpa +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Egyptian riot police try to quell clashes between opponents and supporters of President Mohamed Morsi in the Mediterranean coastal city of Alexandria on December 21, 2012. Running clashes between rival protesters erupted in Egypt's second city Alexandria, on the eve of the final round of a referendum on a new constitution backed by the ruling Islamists. AFP PHOTO/MAHMUD HAMS (Photo credit should read MAHMUD HAMS/AFP/Getty Images)
Egypt's President Mohamed Mursi (R) meets Egypt's new prosecutor general Talat Abdullah at the presidential palace in Cairo November 22, 2012. Mursi issued a decree on Thursday that protects an assembly writing the country's new constitution from dissolution and gives it extra time to finish its work. REUTERS/Egyptian Presidency/Handout (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
Palestinian women, who had been living at Yarmouk Palestinian refugee camp in Syria, wait as Syrian and Palestinian men queue to get their papers stamped at the Lebanese immigrations authority at the Lebanese-Syrian border, in al-Masnaa December 18, 2012. More than 1,000 Palestinian refugees living in Syria have crossed into Lebanon in the past 24 hours, a source at the Lebanese border said on Tuesday, after Syrian rebels took control of a Palestinian refugee camp in Damascus. REUTERS/Jamal Saidi (LEBANON - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST SOCIETY IMMIGRATION)
Egyptian protesters opposing president Mohammed Morsi chant slogans during a protest against President Mohammed Morsi, in front of the presidential palace in Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Dec. 18, 2012. Egypt's opposition alliance staged rallies across the country on Tuesday to protest a contentious Islamist-backed draft constitution, after the country's Ministry of Justice ordered a probe into allegations of widespread voting irregularities during Saturday's first round of voting on the document. (Foto:Khalil Hamra/AP/dapd)
epa03487390 A handout photo released by the Egyptian Presidency shows Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi (C) meeting with members of the Supreme Judicial Council, in Cairo, Egypt, 26 November 2012. Morsi called for the meeting with the country's top judges to try to defuse the crisis after he issued a decree that all his decisions and laws are immune to legal challenge and barred courts from dissolving the constituent assembly, drafting the country's new constitution. Two people have been killed, and 444 others injured in the violent protests which have erupted against Morsi's decree. EPA/EGYPTIAN PRESIDENCY/HANDOUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Inhabitants of Sidi Bouzid wave black religious flags and shout slogans calling for Tunisia's President Moncef Marzouki to leave on December 17, 2012, in the central town of Sidi Bouzid, cradle of the revolution that erupted exactly two years ago. Protesters hurled rocks at Marzouki and Parliament Speaker Mustapha Ben Jaafar, following a speech to mark the anniversary of the start of the revolution, the first of the Arab Spring uprisings, triggered by the self-immolation of a vegetable vendor harassed by poverty and police atrocity. AFP PHOTO / FETHI BELAID (Photo credit should read FETHI BELAID/AFP/Getty Images)
Präsident Mohammed Mursi mit neuem Generalstaatsanwalt Talaat Ibrahim
An Egyptian man holds a ballot before casting his vote at a polling station during a referendum on a disputed constitution drafted by Islamist supporters of President Mohammed Morsi in Cairo, Egypt, Saturday, Dec. 15, 2012. Egyptians were voting on Saturday on a proposed constitution that has polarized their nation, with Morsi and his Islamist supporters backing the charter, while liberals, moderate Muslims and Christians oppose it. (Foto:Petr David Josek/AP/dapd)
An electoral worker counts ballots after polls closed in Zagazig, about 62.5 km (38.8 miles) northeast of Cairo December 15, 2012. Turnout was high enough for voting on Saturday to be extended by four hours to 11 p.m. (2100 GMT). One senior official on the committee overseeing the referendum said Saturday's vote could continue on Sunday if crowds were too heavy to allow everyone to cast ballots in one day. Voting for Egyptians abroad that began on Wednesday has been extended to Monday, the state news agency reported. REUTERS/Stringer (EGYPT - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS)