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挪威兇犯將渡過21年鐵窗生活

2012年8月24日

導致77人死亡的挪威兇犯佈雷維克(Anders Behring Breivik)製造了駭人聽聞的爆炸和槍擊事件13個月之後,挪威法院對其做出了最高判決。他將在監獄中度過21年的鐵窗生活。

https://p.dw.com/p/15wN4
Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik (C) arrives in the court room at Oslo Courthouse August 24, 2012. The Norwegian court delivers its verdict in the ten-week trial of gunman Breivik on Friday, deciding whether to send the anti-Muslim militant to jail or a mental hospital for the massacre of 77 people last summer. REUTERS/Heiko Junge/NTB Scanpix/Pool (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW)
佈雷維克在法庭上圖片來源: Reuters

(德國之聲中文網) 2011年7月22日,佈雷維克先是在奧斯陸政府區引爆一枚炸彈,導致8人死亡,之後他又前往於特島,槍殺了參加社民黨青年夏令營活動的69名成員,其中大部分是年輕人。這一事件令整個國家感到震驚。
 

佈雷維克理智清醒

周五,(8月24日)安德斯‧貝林‧佈雷維克被判處有期徒刑21年。 這是挪威的最高刑期。不過刑滿之後,如果佈雷維克仍可能對社會構成威脅,他還有可能被加刑,每次不超過5年。

根據法院的裁決,佈雷維克屬於精神正常,這也是他本人所期待的判決結果。此前,法官們在這一問題上存在意見分歧。而且許多挪威居民也感到費解的是,如果一個人精神正常,又怎能做出如此喪心病狂地舉動。
 

Norway's King Harald (R) and Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg attend a wreath laying ceremony during a ceremony to mark the one year anniversary of the twin Oslo-Utoeya massacre by self confessed killer Anders Breivik, near the heavily damaged government building in Oslo July 22, 2012. REUTERS/Berit Roald/NTB Scanpix/Pool (NORWAY - Tags: POLITICS ROYALS ANNIVERSARY CIVIL UNREST TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)
哀悼遇難者圖片來源: Reuters

來自中產階級家庭

一年多前的一個周五下午,奧斯陸政府區發生炸彈爆炸事件,導致8人喪生。事件發生後,很多人認為可能是伊斯蘭恐怖分子實施的炸彈襲擊。實際上,製造爆炸案的兇犯卻是一個仇視穆斯林的挪威極右恐怖分子。

兇犯佈雷維克出身於挪威一個中產階級家庭。此前其行為並沒有太多地引起人們的注意。他曾加入挪威右翼民粹主義政黨-挪威進步黨。直到事件發生後,挪威人才尤其感到震驚。因為人們一直認為,遭受伊斯蘭恐怖襲擊的可能性雖然不大,但畢竟還存在著可能性。但是誰也沒有料到,如此恐怖的襲擊,會是一名本國右翼極端分子所為。顯然,挪威人從沒有意識到這種危險性。
 

挪威居民完全以自己的方式對該事件做出反應。如果是伊斯蘭分子製造了此次襲擊事件,估計並不會引起大規模的民眾抗議集會。但是這一次情形完全不同。事件發生後,成千上萬的挪威人走上街頭舉行示威,哀悼遇難者。參加者包括外來移民,挪威人,議會中各政黨代表等等。所有人都為表達一個共同的心願,他們不能接受挪威社會的這部分。當時的挪威首相史托騰柏格(Stoltenberg)說: "我們的答覆是,我們將更加民主,更加開放,更加人性化,但絕不能過於天真。"

Members of AUF (The Labour Youth Organisation) sit with guests and relatives of those who died a year ago, on Utoeya island July 22, 2012, during the one year anniversary of the twin Oslo-Utoeya massacre by self confessed killer Anders Behring Breivik. Breivik, who said his mostly teenage victims were traitors because they supported multiculturalism and Muslim immigration, detonated a bomb outside parliament that killed eight, then shot dead 69 at the ruling Labour Party's youth camp on Utoeya. AUF Chairman Eskil Pedersen (2nd L), Norway's Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg (3rd L), Norway's former Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland (5th R), Denmark's Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt (3rd R) , Swedish social democratic politician Mona Sahlin (2nd R) and Norway's Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Stoere (R) sit in the front row. REUTERS/Heiko Junge/NTB Scanpix (NORWAY - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST ANNIVERSARY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. NORWAY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN NORWAY. NO COMMERCIAL SALES
哀悼集會圖片來源: Reuters

警方疏忽 缺乏防範

法院宣佈判決前不久曾公佈的一份量刑調查報告表明,不僅有人天真地認為,在挪威不可能有人只因這種混亂的思維便做出如此殘忍的事情,而且還有人錯誤地認為,所有國家機構工作無誤。實際上挪威的國家機構工作作風相當馬虎。秘密情報局此前已經在網路上發現了兇犯的一些蛛絲馬跡,但是卻沒有採取任何防範行動。而且在發生襲擊事件時,警方也有很多失誤。否則有可能阻止兇犯對年輕人的大屠殺,至少可以早些制止這一暴行。

Oeystein Maeland (centre), Norwegian director of police, Sissel Hammer (left) police chief in Northern Buskerud police district, which has jurisdiction over Uoeya island, and chief of police in Oslo, Anstein Gjengedal (right) meet the press in Oslo, Monday Aug. 13, 2012. An independent commission said on Monday that Norwegian police could have prevented or interrupted the bomb and gun attacks carried out by Anders Behring Breivik last year. Breivik, 33, has admitted to the bombing of the government's headquarters in Oslo, which killed eight people and the subsequent shooting spree at a youth camp on Utoya island that left 69 dead, more than half of them teenagers. (AP Photo / Cornelius Poppe / NTB scanpix) NORWAY OUT
挪威警方圖片來源: AP

該案庭審的結束給挪威人帶來希望。因為法庭的判決維護了受害者的尊嚴,也使罪犯受到應有的懲罰。它表明,法院可以對這樣的案件進行系統的處理,以免成為國家永久的包袱。

作者:Clemens Bomsdorf   編譯:李京慧

責編:文木