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土耳其

土耳其橫跨歐亞兩洲，國土包括西亞的安納托利亞半島、以及巴爾干半島的東色雷斯地區，扼黑海出入口之要沖。人口將近8000萬，國土面積78萬平方公里。

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Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu gestures during a joint news conference with Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Monday, Feb. 13, 2012, at the Department of State in Washington. (Foto:Haraz N. Ghanbari/AP/dapd)

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu gestures during a joint news conference with Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Monday, Feb. 13, 2012, at the Department of State in Washington. (Foto:Haraz N. Ghanbari/AP/dapd)

土耳其正式承認敘利亞國家聯盟組織

epa02775903 Syrian refugees attend a funeral of an anti-regime protester on the Syria-Turkey border, near the Turkish village of Guvecci, in Hatay, Turkey 11 June 2011. The number of Syrians who took refuge in Turkey from a violent crackdown of anti-government protests in Syria has reached 4,300. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has said Turkey was concerned over incidents in Syria as the Assad government escalates violence against civilians in a crackdown of anti-government protests which had seen the death of scores. EPA/AYKUT UNLUPINAR/ANATOLIAN AGENCY TURKEY OUT +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa02775903 Syrian refugees attend a funeral of an anti-regime protester on the Syria-Turkey border, near the Turkish village of Guvecci, in Hatay, Turkey 11 June 2011. The number of Syrians who took refuge in Turkey from a violent crackdown of anti-government protests in Syria has reached 4,300. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has said Turkey was concerned over incidents in Syria as the Assad government escalates violence against civilians in a crackdown of anti-government protests which had seen the death of scores. EPA/AYKUT UNLUPINAR/ANATOLIAN AGENCY TURKEY OUT +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

土耳其總理嚴厲批評聯合國

Ein US-Kampfjet von Typ F 15 überfliegt am 14.3.1999 während eines Kontrollfluges über der nördlichen Flugverbotszone (Operation Northern Watch) ein Gebirge im Norden des Irak. Seit dem Beginn der Nato-Luftangriffe auf Jugoslawien haben die USA ihre Patrouillenflüge über den Flugverbotszonen im Irak drastisch eingeschränkt. 13 US-Jets, die an den Patrouillenflügen im Irak beteiligt waren, wurden von der Türkei nach Europa verlegt. Als Folge finden nun in der südlichen Flugverbotszone weniger, in der nördlichen überhaupt keine Kontrollen mehr statt.

Ein US-Kampfjet von Typ F 15 überfliegt am 14.3.1999 während eines Kontrollfluges über der nördlichen Flugverbotszone (Operation Northern Watch) ein Gebirge im Norden des Irak. Seit dem Beginn der Nato-Luftangriffe auf Jugoslawien haben die USA ihre Patrouillenflüge über den Flugverbotszonen im Irak drastisch eingeschränkt. 13 US-Jets, die an den Patrouillenflügen im Irak beteiligt waren, wurden von der Türkei nach Europa verlegt. Als Folge finden nun in der südlichen Flugverbotszone weniger, in der nördlichen überhaupt keine Kontrollen mehr statt.

媒體：美計畫在敘北部設禁飛區

A photo made available on 03 August 2012 shows Syrian refugees, who fled from violence, waiting in a line for registering in Turkey- Syria border in Hatay, Turkey, 02 August 2012. About 1,000 Syrians including a defecting brigadier-general have fled to Turkey in the past 24 hours, a Turkish official said on 03 August. EPA/CEM GENCO/ANADOLU AGENCY TURKEY OUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES/NO ARCHIVES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++ pixel

A photo made available on 03 August 2012 shows Syrian refugees, who fled from violence, waiting in a line for registering in Turkey- Syria border in Hatay, Turkey, 02 August 2012. About 1,000 Syrians including a defecting brigadier-general have fled to Turkey in the past 24 hours, a Turkish official said on 03 August. EPA/CEM GENCO/ANADOLU AGENCY TURKEY OUT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES/NO ARCHIVES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++ pixel

德國強調更願就地幫助敘利亞難民

A general view shows destruction in the Suleiman al-Halabi nieghbourhood, now under full army control according to state media, in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo on October 30, 2012. Explosions shook Syria's capital as warplanes launched their heaviest air raids yet and two car bombs struck, with the UN-Arab League peace envoy saying the conflict was going from bad to worse. AFP PHOTO / STR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)

A general view shows destruction in the Suleiman al-Halabi nieghbourhood, now under full army control according to state media, in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo on October 30, 2012. Explosions shook Syria's capital as warplanes launched their heaviest air raids yet and two car bombs struck, with the UN-Arab League peace envoy saying the conflict was going from bad to worse. AFP PHOTO / STR (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images)

敘利亞反對派計畫在土耳其成立流亡政府

ARCHIV - Die türkische Staatsflagge (l) weht neben der EU-Fahne in Istanbul (Archivfoto vom 07.10.2005). Unter dem Eindruck neuerlicher Spannungen im deutsch-türkischen Verhältnis kommt Kanzlerin Merkel am Montag (29.03.2010) in Ankara mit Ministerpräsident Erdogan zusammen. Auf dem Programm steht eine Reihe brisanter Themen. Dazu gehören die schleppenden Beitrittsverhandlungen zwischen der Europäischen Union und dem NATO-Partner Türkei, die Lage in der Region mit Blick auf den Iran und Israel sowie der schwierige Versöhnungsprozess der Türkei mit Armenien. Foto: Matthias Schrader dpa (zu dpa 4011 vom 28.03.2010) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

ARCHIV - Die türkische Staatsflagge (l) weht neben der EU-Fahne in Istanbul (Archivfoto vom 07.10.2005). Unter dem Eindruck neuerlicher Spannungen im deutsch-türkischen Verhältnis kommt Kanzlerin Merkel am Montag (29.03.2010) in Ankara mit Ministerpräsident Erdogan zusammen. Auf dem Programm steht eine Reihe brisanter Themen. Dazu gehören die schleppenden Beitrittsverhandlungen zwischen der Europäischen Union und dem NATO-Partner Türkei, die Lage in der Region mit Blick auf den Iran und Israel sowie der schwierige Versöhnungsprozess der Türkei mit Armenien. Foto: Matthias Schrader dpa (zu dpa 4011 vom 28.03.2010) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

艾爾多安提出土耳其加入歐盟期限

土總理呼籲在德土耳其人努力融入德國社會

China's Li Na returns a shot to Britain's Laura Robson in the third round of play at the 2012 US Open tennis tournament, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, in New York. (Foto:Paul Bereswill/AP/dapd)

China's Li Na returns a shot to Britain's Laura Robson in the third round of play at the 2012 US Open tennis tournament, Friday, Aug. 31, 2012, in New York. (Foto:Paul Bereswill/AP/dapd)

李娜：收山後要做家庭婦女

2012年國際女子網球年終總決賽將要在土耳其首都伊斯坦堡举行。在本周舉行的賽前記者會上，李娜表示，自己退役之後將會在家中相夫教子。

Eine schwarz-weiße Katze sitzt auf einer Straße neben einem Treppengeländer und dreht dem Fotografen den Rücken zu, aufgenommen am 22.03.2007 in Confolens in Frankreich. Foto: Stefan Hähnsen +++(c) dpa - Report+++

Eine schwarz-weiße Katze sitzt auf einer Straße neben einem Treppengeländer und dreht dem Fotografen den Rücken zu, aufgenommen am 22.03.2007 in Confolens in Frankreich. Foto: Stefan Hähnsen +++(c) dpa - Report+++

土耳其舉行大規模示威反對驅逐動物草案

Turkish tanks take position near the border with Syria at Suruc in Sanliurfa on October 12, 2012. Syrian rebels have gone on the offensive killing more than 100 soldiers in two days, a watchdog said today, as tension between Syria and Turkey escalated over cargo seized from a Syrian Air plane. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/GettyImages)

Turkish tanks take position near the border with Syria at Suruc in Sanliurfa on October 12, 2012. Syrian rebels have gone on the offensive killing more than 100 soldiers in two days, a watchdog said today, as tension between Syria and Turkey escalated over cargo seized from a Syrian Air plane. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/GettyImages)

土耳其已打死12名敘利亞士兵

(121018) -- HATAY, Oct. 18, 2012 () -- Smoke rises from Salkin Village of Idlib in Syria near the Turkish-Syrian border, on Oct. 18, 2012. A mortar bomb fired from Syria landed Wednesday in southern Turkey province along the border with Syria, no casualties were reported yet, an official statement said. The mortar shell landed in a field near Hacipasa hamlet of of Altinozu town in Hatay province at 4:15 p.m. (1315 GMT) on Wednesday and was retaliated immediately by Turkish border forces, said the statement issued by Hatay Governor's Office, Turkey. (/Ma Yan)(zf)

(121018) -- HATAY, Oct. 18, 2012 () -- Smoke rises from Salkin Village of Idlib in Syria near the Turkish-Syrian border, on Oct. 18, 2012. A mortar bomb fired from Syria landed Wednesday in southern Turkey province along the border with Syria, no casualties were reported yet, an official statement said. The mortar shell landed in a field near Hacipasa hamlet of of Altinozu town in Hatay province at 4:15 p.m. (1315 GMT) on Wednesday and was retaliated immediately by Turkish border forces, said the statement issued by Hatay Governor's Office, Turkey. (/Ma Yan)(zf)

歐盟峰會聲明支持土耳其

The Armenian plane that was forced to land, at Erzurum Airport, eastern Turkey, Monday, Oct. 15, 2012. Turkey's foreign ministry spokesman says Turkish authorities are searching the cargo of an Armenian plane bound for Syria. Selcuk Unal says Turkey granted the plane carrying aid for the Syrian city of Aleppo a permission to fly over its airspace only on condition it can search its cargo for possible military equipment. (Foto:AP/dapd)

The Armenian plane that was forced to land, at Erzurum Airport, eastern Turkey, Monday, Oct. 15, 2012. Turkey's foreign ministry spokesman says Turkish authorities are searching the cargo of an Armenian plane bound for Syria. Selcuk Unal says Turkey granted the plane carrying aid for the Syrian city of Aleppo a permission to fly over its airspace only on condition it can search its cargo for possible military equipment. (Foto:AP/dapd)

土耳其迫降亞美尼亞飛機

Der Flughafen in der syrischen Hauptstadt Damaskus, aufgenommen am Montag (04.12.2006). Foto: Tim Brakemeier +++(c) dpa - Report+++

Der Flughafen in der syrischen Hauptstadt Damaskus, aufgenommen am Montag (04.12.2006). Foto: Tim Brakemeier +++(c) dpa - Report+++

敘土互施禁飛令

在敘利亞宣佈對土耳其所有航班實行禁飛令之後，土方也宣佈，禁止敘利亞所有航班經過其領空。領空權是如何又是誰來規定呢？

Geflohene syrische Kinder im Flüchtlingscamp al-el-Za'atari in Jordanien , die von der Organisation "Save the Children" interviewed werden. Copyright: Save the Children

Geflohene syrische Kinder im Flüchtlingscamp al-el-Za'atari in Jordanien , die von der Organisation "Save the Children" interviewed werden. Copyright: Save the Children

土耳其希望歐洲接收敘利亞難民

Ein französischer Jet vom Typ Mirage 2000-5 fliegt am Samstag (19.03.2011) von der Heimatbasis in Dijon nach Libyen, um über dem nordafrikanischen Land ein Flugverbot durchzusetzen. Nach inoffiziellen Berichten waren die ersten Maschinen bereits in den libyschen Luftraum eingedrungen, als der Sondergipfel in Paris noch lief. Foto: Anthony Jeuland/Ministère de la Défense dpa (zu dpa 0809) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

Ein französischer Jet vom Typ Mirage 2000-5 fliegt am Samstag (19.03.2011) von der Heimatbasis in Dijon nach Libyen, um über dem nordafrikanischen Land ein Flugverbot durchzusetzen. Nach inoffiziellen Berichten waren die ersten Maschinen bereits in den libyschen Luftraum eingedrungen, als der Sondergipfel in Paris noch lief. Foto: Anthony Jeuland/Ministère de la Défense dpa (zu dpa 0809) +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

土耳其對敘利亞封鎖其領空

03.10.2012 DW Karten Tuerkei Syrien Englisch

03.10.2012 DW Karten Tuerkei Syrien Englisch

敘利亞對土耳其飛機封鎖領空

Berlin/ Aussenminister Guido Westerwelle (FDP) aeussert sich am Donnerstag (04.10.12) in Berlin waehrend eines Pressestatements vor Journalisten. Westerwelle warnt vor einer Verschaerfung des syrisch-tuerkischen Grenzkonflikts. "Jetzt geht es um Deeskalation", sagte Westerwelle am Donnerstag in Berlin und betonte: "Wir wollen Solidaritaet und Besonnenheit jetzt zum Massstab unseres Handelns machen." Die Tuerkei hatte nach einem Granatenbeschuss aus dem Nachbarland am Mittwoch mit Vergeltungsangriffen reagiert und diese am Donnerstag fortgesetzt. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Clemens Bilan/dapd

Berlin/ Aussenminister Guido Westerwelle (FDP) aeussert sich am Donnerstag (04.10.12) in Berlin waehrend eines Pressestatements vor Journalisten. Westerwelle warnt vor einer Verschaerfung des syrisch-tuerkischen Grenzkonflikts. "Jetzt geht es um Deeskalation", sagte Westerwelle am Donnerstag in Berlin und betonte: "Wir wollen Solidaritaet und Besonnenheit jetzt zum Massstab unseres Handelns machen." Die Tuerkei hatte nach einem Granatenbeschuss aus dem Nachbarland am Mittwoch mit Vergeltungsangriffen reagiert und diese am Donnerstag fortgesetzt. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Clemens Bilan/dapd

韋斯特韋勒：土耳其不能容忍運輸武器飛機

epa03431758 German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle (C), Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu (R) and the UN's peace envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi (L) chat before their meeting in Istanbul, Turkey 13 October 2012. EPA/HAKAN GOKTEPE/ANADOLU AGENCY TURKEY OUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES/NO ARCHIVES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa03431758 German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle (C), Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu (R) and the UN's peace envoy to Syria Lakhdar Brahimi (L) chat before their meeting in Istanbul, Turkey 13 October 2012. EPA/HAKAN GOKTEPE/ANADOLU AGENCY TURKEY OUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES/NO ARCHIVES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

德國外長抵達土耳其舉行會談

Image #: 11984570 The old entrance of the Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters displaying the seal of the CIA on the floor, September 21, 2010. In the background (right) is the Memorial Wall which currently has 102 stars engraved for each member of the agency that gave of his/her life in the line of duty. Names of those are listed in the book below, with a 37 not being listed and will remain Secret for the nature of the work they were doing. Greg E. Mathieson Sr./MAI /Landov

Image #: 11984570 The old entrance of the Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters displaying the seal of the CIA on the floor, September 21, 2010. In the background (right) is the Memorial Wall which currently has 102 stars engraved for each member of the agency that gave of his/her life in the line of duty. Names of those are listed in the book below, with a 37 not being listed and will remain Secret for the nature of the work they were doing. Greg E. Mathieson Sr./MAI /Landov

敘利亞的「諜影」

西方國家的情報部門越來越多的參與到敘利亞的衝突。

Turkish troops take their position at the Akcakale border gate in southern Sanliurfa province October 7, 2012, as a Syrian Independence flag waves at Syria's Tel Abyad border crossing in the background. Turkey returned fire after Syrian mortar bombs landed in a field in southern Turkey on Saturday, the day after Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan warned Syria that Turkey would not shy away from war if provoked. It was the fourth day of Turkish retaliation for firing by Syrian forces that killed five Turkish civilians on Wednesday. REUTERS/Stringer (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY CONFLICT)

Turkish troops take their position at the Akcakale border gate in southern Sanliurfa province October 7, 2012, as a Syrian Independence flag waves at Syria's Tel Abyad border crossing in the background. Turkey returned fire after Syrian mortar bombs landed in a field in southern Turkey on Saturday, the day after Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan warned Syria that Turkey would not shy away from war if provoked. It was the fourth day of Turkish retaliation for firing by Syrian forces that killed five Turkish civilians on Wednesday. REUTERS/Stringer (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY CONFLICT)

敘表示願與土安全合作

Eine McDonnell Douglas F-4E Phantom II der tuerkischen Luftwaffe faehrt beim Royal International Air Tattoo in Fairford, Gloucestershire, England, auf dem Rollfeld zur Startposition (Foto vom 17.06.06). Ein tuerkisches Flugzeug wird laut Medienberichten ueber dem Mittelmeer vermisst. Die amtliche tuerkische Nachrichtenagentur Anadolu meldete am Freitag (22.06.12), es seien zwei Piloten an Bord des Kampfjets, der am Mittag vom Radar verschwunden sei. Das Flugzeug habe den Luftwaffenstuetzpunkt Malatya-Erhac um 10.30 Uhr (Ortszeit) verlassen, um 11.58 Uhr sei es ueber dem Mittelmeer suedwestlich der Provinz Hatay vom Radar verschwunden. Der Gouverneur von Malatya, Ulvi Saran, sagte, es gebe keinerlei Informationen ueber den Verbleib des verschwundenen Flugzeugs oder die Piloten. Rettungsmannschaften suchten die Region nach den Vermissten ab. In anderen Medienberichten hiess es, Syrien habe den tuerkischen Jet abgeschossen. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Adrian Pingstone/WikiCommons/dapd

Eine McDonnell Douglas F-4E Phantom II der tuerkischen Luftwaffe faehrt beim Royal International Air Tattoo in Fairford, Gloucestershire, England, auf dem Rollfeld zur Startposition (Foto vom 17.06.06). Ein tuerkisches Flugzeug wird laut Medienberichten ueber dem Mittelmeer vermisst. Die amtliche tuerkische Nachrichtenagentur Anadolu meldete am Freitag (22.06.12), es seien zwei Piloten an Bord des Kampfjets, der am Mittag vom Radar verschwunden sei. Das Flugzeug habe den Luftwaffenstuetzpunkt Malatya-Erhac um 10.30 Uhr (Ortszeit) verlassen, um 11.58 Uhr sei es ueber dem Mittelmeer suedwestlich der Provinz Hatay vom Radar verschwunden. Der Gouverneur von Malatya, Ulvi Saran, sagte, es gebe keinerlei Informationen ueber den Verbleib des verschwundenen Flugzeugs oder die Piloten. Rettungsmannschaften suchten die Region nach den Vermissten ab. In anderen Medienberichten hiess es, Syrien habe den tuerkischen Jet abgeschossen. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Adrian Pingstone/WikiCommons/dapd

土耳其戰機與敘利亞直升機空中對峙

A Syrian passenger plane which was forced to land sits at Esenboga airport in Ankara October 10, 2012. Turkey scrambled fighter planes to force a Syrian passenger plane en route from Moscow to land in Ankara on Wednesday and banned Turkish civilian aircraft from flying in Syrian airspace, state-run TRT television said. REUTERS/Cem Oksuz/Anadolu Agency (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS TRANSPORT TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. TURKEY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN TURKEY

A Syrian passenger plane which was forced to land sits at Esenboga airport in Ankara October 10, 2012. Turkey scrambled fighter planes to force a Syrian passenger plane en route from Moscow to land in Ankara on Wednesday and banned Turkish civilian aircraft from flying in Syrian airspace, state-run TRT television said. REUTERS/Cem Oksuz/Anadolu Agency (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS TRANSPORT TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. TURKEY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN TURKEY

德國外長敦促敘利亞和土耳其保持冷靜

A Syrian passenger plane is seen after it was forced to land at Ankara airport on October 10, 2012. A Syrian passenger plane was forced to land in Ankara on Wednesday evening on suspicions that it was carrying weapons, Anatolia news agency reported citing officials. AFP PHOTO/ADEM ALTAN (Photo credit should read ADEM ALTAN/AFP/GettyImages)

A Syrian passenger plane is seen after it was forced to land at Ankara airport on October 10, 2012. A Syrian passenger plane was forced to land in Ankara on Wednesday evening on suspicions that it was carrying weapons, Anatolia news agency reported citing officials. AFP PHOTO/ADEM ALTAN (Photo credit should read ADEM ALTAN/AFP/GettyImages)

敘利亞指責土耳其捏造事實

epa03428024 A Syrian passenger plane is seen after it was forced to land at Ankara airport, Turkey, 10 October 2012. The plane was headed to Damascus from Moscow with 35 passengers on board, according to Turkish media. The Turkish air force sent several F-16 fighter jets to force the Airbus plane on suspicion it was carrying weapons on board. Russia is the most important source for weapons for the regime of President Bashar al-Assad. A large section of the Syrian opposition is based in Turkey. EPA/CEM OKSUZ/ANADOLU AGENCY EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES/NO ARCHIVES (recropped version +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

epa03428024 A Syrian passenger plane is seen after it was forced to land at Ankara airport, Turkey, 10 October 2012. The plane was headed to Damascus from Moscow with 35 passengers on board, according to Turkish media. The Turkish air force sent several F-16 fighter jets to force the Airbus plane on suspicion it was carrying weapons on board. Russia is the most important source for weapons for the regime of President Bashar al-Assad. A large section of the Syrian opposition is based in Turkey. EPA/CEM OKSUZ/ANADOLU AGENCY EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES/NO ARCHIVES (recropped version +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++

俄羅斯要求土耳其就迫降事件作出解釋

A Syrian passenger plane which was forced to land sits at Esenboga airport in Ankara October 10, 2012. Turkey scrambled fighter planes to force a Syrian passenger plane en route from Moscow to land in Ankara on Wednesday and banned Turkish civilian aircraft from flying in Syrian airspace, state-run TRT television said. REUTERS/Cem Oksuz/Anadolu Agency (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS TRANSPORT TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. TURKEY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN TURKEY

A Syrian passenger plane which was forced to land sits at Esenboga airport in Ankara October 10, 2012. Turkey scrambled fighter planes to force a Syrian passenger plane en route from Moscow to land in Ankara on Wednesday and banned Turkish civilian aircraft from flying in Syrian airspace, state-run TRT television said. REUTERS/Cem Oksuz/Anadolu Agency (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS TRANSPORT TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. TURKEY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN TURKEY

土耳其敘利亞再起摩擦

本周三，土敘關係再起波瀾，土耳其出動戰鬥機迫使一架飛往敘利亞的客機降落至土方機場，搜查機艙並扣押了部分貨物。

A Turkish soldier is reflected on a mirror as he stands guard on top of an armoured personnel carrier on the Turkish-Syrian border near the Akcakale border crossing, southern Sanliurfa province, October 4, 2012. Turkey's parliament gave authorisation on Thursday for military operations outside Turkish borders if the government deemed them necessary, a day after artillery shelling from Syria killed five civilians in the Turkish town of Akcakale. REUTERS/Murad Sezer (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS CONFLICT MILITARY)

A Turkish soldier is reflected on a mirror as he stands guard on top of an armoured personnel carrier on the Turkish-Syrian border near the Akcakale border crossing, southern Sanliurfa province, October 4, 2012. Turkey's parliament gave authorisation on Thursday for military operations outside Turkish borders if the government deemed them necessary, a day after artillery shelling from Syria killed five civilians in the Turkish town of Akcakale. REUTERS/Murad Sezer (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS CONFLICT MILITARY)

土耳其強迫一架敘利亞客機降落安卡拉

Turkish soldiers stand guard in Akcakale by the Turkish-Syria border on October 4, 2012 in southern Sanliurfa province. Turkish artillery hit targets near Syria's Tel Abyad border town for a second day today, killing several Syrian soldiers according to activists and security sources, after a mortar bomb fired from the area killed five Turkish civilians. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that Turkey has no intention of going to war with Syria, hours after parliament authorised possible cross-border attacks. AFP PHOTO/BULENT KILIC (Photo credit should read BULENT KILIC/AFP/GettyImages)

Turkish soldiers stand guard in Akcakale by the Turkish-Syria border on October 4, 2012 in southern Sanliurfa province. Turkish artillery hit targets near Syria's Tel Abyad border town for a second day today, killing several Syrian soldiers according to activists and security sources, after a mortar bomb fired from the area killed five Turkish civilians. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that Turkey has no intention of going to war with Syria, hours after parliament authorised possible cross-border attacks. AFP PHOTO/BULENT KILIC (Photo credit should read BULENT KILIC/AFP/GettyImages)

土敘之間再度發生小規模軍事衝突

In this photo taken Tuesday, April 10, 2012, the border crossing between Turkey and Syria is seen from a refugee camp near the border, in Kilis , Turkey. Turkey's prime minister accused Syria of infringing its border and said Tuesday that his country is considering what steps to take in response, including measures "we don't want to think about." (Foto:Germano Assad/AP/dapd)

In this photo taken Tuesday, April 10, 2012, the border crossing between Turkey and Syria is seen from a refugee camp near the border, in Kilis , Turkey. Turkey's prime minister accused Syria of infringing its border and said Tuesday that his country is considering what steps to take in response, including measures "we don't want to think about." (Foto:Germano Assad/AP/dapd)

土耳其向敘利亞發出和平訊號

UN-Sicherheitsrat berät über die humanitäre Situation in Syrien am 30. August 2012. Copyright: UN via Nina Werkhäuser, DW Hauptstadtstudio

UN-Sicherheitsrat berät über die humanitäre Situation in Syrien am 30. August 2012. Copyright: UN via Nina Werkhäuser, DW Hauptstadtstudio

聯合國譴責敘利亞炮擊土耳其

聯合國安理會周四對敘利亞以迫擊炮彈攻擊土耳其邊境城鎮導致5人喪生的事件做出譴責，並要求「立即停止此類違反國際法的行為並不得再犯」。

UN-Sicherheitsrat berät über die humanitäre Situation in Syrien am 30. August 2012. Copyright: UN via Nina Werkhäuser, DW Hauptstadtstudio

UN-Sicherheitsrat berät über die humanitäre Situation in Syrien am 30. August 2012. Copyright: UN via Nina Werkhäuser, DW Hauptstadtstudio

敘土衝突：安理會迴避指出責任方

GettyImages 152748732 UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon addresses the 67th UN General Assembly at the United Nations headquarters in New York, September 25, 2012. AFP PHOTO/Emmanuel DUNAND (Photo credit should read EMMANUEL DUNAND/AFP/GettyImages)

GettyImages 152748732 UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon addresses the 67th UN General Assembly at the United Nations headquarters in New York, September 25, 2012. AFP PHOTO/Emmanuel DUNAND (Photo credit should read EMMANUEL DUNAND/AFP/GettyImages)

潘基文籲敘土保持「最大程度克制」

Turkey's Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan addresses members of parliament from his ruling AK Party (AKP) during a meeting at the Turkish parliament in Ankara June 26, 2012. The Turkish Armed Forces' rules of engagement have changed as a result of Syria shooting down a Turkish warplane and they will respond to any violation on the Syrian border, Erdogan said on Tuesday. Turkey would not engage in war-mongering, but the attack on the reconnaissance jet, which was deliberately targeted, would not be left unanswered, he said in a speech to his ruling AK Party deputies in parliament. REUTERS/Umit Bektas (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

Turkey's Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan addresses members of parliament from his ruling AK Party (AKP) during a meeting at the Turkish parliament in Ankara June 26, 2012. The Turkish Armed Forces' rules of engagement have changed as a result of Syria shooting down a Turkish warplane and they will respond to any violation on the Syrian border, Erdogan said on Tuesday. Turkey would not engage in war-mongering, but the attack on the reconnaissance jet, which was deliberately targeted, would not be left unanswered, he said in a speech to his ruling AK Party deputies in parliament. REUTERS/Umit Bektas (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)

土耳其總理稱不樂見戰爭

Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU) nimmt am 04.10.2012 in Berlin am ersten Demografiegipfel der Bundesregierung teil. Friedrich und weitere Bundesminister wollten bei dem Treffen mit Verbandsvertretern, Wissenschaftlern und Bürgern über Probleme und Chancen der Bevölkerungsentwicklung diskutieren. Friedrich hatte zu dem Gipfel eingeladen. Foto: Maurizio Gambarini dpa pixel

Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel (CDU) nimmt am 04.10.2012 in Berlin am ersten Demografiegipfel der Bundesregierung teil. Friedrich und weitere Bundesminister wollten bei dem Treffen mit Verbandsvertretern, Wissenschaftlern und Bürgern über Probleme und Chancen der Bevölkerungsentwicklung diskutieren. Friedrich hatte zu dem Gipfel eingeladen. Foto: Maurizio Gambarini dpa pixel

德國總理強烈譴責敘利亞

Ruling party lawmakers attend parliament during a debate on Turkey-Syria relations, in Ankara, on October 4, 2012. Turkey pounded Syrian targets early on Thursday, killing several soldiers, in reprisal for deadly cross-border fire that has sharply escalated tensions in the tinder-box region. AFP PHOTO/ADEM ALTAN (Photo credit should read ADEM ALTAN/AFP/GettyImages)

Ruling party lawmakers attend parliament during a debate on Turkey-Syria relations, in Ankara, on October 4, 2012. Turkey pounded Syrian targets early on Thursday, killing several soldiers, in reprisal for deadly cross-border fire that has sharply escalated tensions in the tinder-box region. AFP PHOTO/ADEM ALTAN (Photo credit should read ADEM ALTAN/AFP/GettyImages)

土耳其議會批准越境軍事行動

In this Monday, Oct. 1, 2012 photo, lawmakers and ministers, rear, listen to President Abdullah Gul, center, at Turkey's parliament in Ankara, Turkey. Turkey fired on Syrian targets for a second day Thursday, Oct. 4, 2012, but said it has no intention of declaring war, despite tensions after deadly shelling from Syria killed five civilians in a Turkish border town.Turkey's Parliament, meanwhile, began an emergency session to discuss a bill authorizing the military to launch cross border operations in Syria. If approved, the bill could more easily open the way to unilateral action by Turkey's armed forces inside Syria, without the involvement of its Western and Arab allies. (AP Photo)

In this Monday, Oct. 1, 2012 photo, lawmakers and ministers, rear, listen to President Abdullah Gul, center, at Turkey's parliament in Ankara, Turkey. Turkey fired on Syrian targets for a second day Thursday, Oct. 4, 2012, but said it has no intention of declaring war, despite tensions after deadly shelling from Syria killed five civilians in a Turkish border town.Turkey's Parliament, meanwhile, began an emergency session to discuss a bill authorizing the military to launch cross border operations in Syria. If approved, the bill could more easily open the way to unilateral action by Turkey's armed forces inside Syria, without the involvement of its Western and Arab allies. (AP Photo)

土耳其已做好打持久戰的準備

土耳其與敘利亞發生首次激烈的軍事衝突後，安卡拉政府已經做好長期戰鬥的準備。敘利亞危機給鄰國及整個地區帶來一場"大火"的警告是否會成為現實？

Berlin/ Aussenminister Guido Westerwelle (FDP) aeussert sich am Donnerstag (04.10.12) in Berlin waehrend eines Pressestatements vor Journalisten. Westerwelle warnt vor einer Verschaerfung des syrisch-tuerkischen Grenzkonflikts. "Jetzt geht es um Deeskalation", sagte Westerwelle am Donnerstag in Berlin und betonte: "Wir wollen Solidaritaet und Besonnenheit jetzt zum Massstab unseres Handelns machen." Die Tuerkei hatte nach einem Granatenbeschuss aus dem Nachbarland am Mittwoch mit Vergeltungsangriffen reagiert und diese am Donnerstag fortgesetzt. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Clemens Bilan/dapd

Berlin/ Aussenminister Guido Westerwelle (FDP) aeussert sich am Donnerstag (04.10.12) in Berlin waehrend eines Pressestatements vor Journalisten. Westerwelle warnt vor einer Verschaerfung des syrisch-tuerkischen Grenzkonflikts. "Jetzt geht es um Deeskalation", sagte Westerwelle am Donnerstag in Berlin und betonte: "Wir wollen Solidaritaet und Besonnenheit jetzt zum Massstab unseres Handelns machen." Die Tuerkei hatte nach einem Granatenbeschuss aus dem Nachbarland am Mittwoch mit Vergeltungsangriffen reagiert und diese am Donnerstag fortgesetzt. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Clemens Bilan/dapd

德外長警告發生地區戰爭

Smoke rises over the streets after an mortar bomb landed from Syria in the border village of Akcakale, southeastern Sanliurfa province

Smoke rises over the streets after an mortar bomb landed from Syria in the border village of Akcakale, southeastern Sanliurfa province

土耳其繼續攻擊敘利亞境內目標

敘利亞火箭彈擊中土耳其邊境地帶多人死亡

艾爾多安呼籲俄中放棄支持阿薩德

Iraq's Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (L), Iraq's President Jalal Talabani (C) and Kurdish President Masoud Barzani (R) meet in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region near Sulaimaniya, 260 Km northeast of Baghdad, Iraq on 02 August 2009. Maliki will discuss with the Kurdish officals the bones of contention between the central government and the KRG, including security, the Kurdish peshmerga forces, disputed areas, foreign policy, oil and gas, power sharing and constitutional reforms. EPA/IRAQI GOVERNMENT / HO +++(c) dpa - Report+++

Iraq's Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki (L), Iraq's President Jalal Talabani (C) and Kurdish President Masoud Barzani (R) meet in Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region near Sulaimaniya, 260 Km northeast of Baghdad, Iraq on 02 August 2009. Maliki will discuss with the Kurdish officals the bones of contention between the central government and the KRG, including security, the Kurdish peshmerga forces, disputed areas, foreign policy, oil and gas, power sharing and constitutional reforms. EPA/IRAQI GOVERNMENT / HO +++(c) dpa - Report+++

庫爾德人與分裂的伊拉克

伊拉克局勢依舊動蕩。而該國北部經濟的騰飛讓當地的庫爾德人重新燃起建立獨立國家的希望。

土耳其的水資源管理

Joint Chefs Chairman Gen. Martin Dempsey testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington before the Senate Defense subcommittee hearing on the the Defense Department's fiscal 2013 budget. Aufstaendische haben waehrend des Besuchs von US-Generalstabschef Martin Dempsey einen Militaerstuetzpunkt in Afghanistan angegriffen und das Flugzeug Dempseys beschaedigt. Der hoechstrangige General der USA selbst sei zum Zeitpunkt des Angriffs auf die Bagram Luftwaffenbasis ausserhalb von Kabul nicht in der Naehe seiner Maschine gewesen, sagte NATO-Sprecher Jamie Graybeal. Auch sonst habe es keine Verletzten gegeben. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Jacquelyn Martin/AP/dapd

Joint Chefs Chairman Gen. Martin Dempsey testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington before the Senate Defense subcommittee hearing on the the Defense Department's fiscal 2013 budget. Aufstaendische haben waehrend des Besuchs von US-Generalstabschef Martin Dempsey einen Militaerstuetzpunkt in Afghanistan angegriffen und das Flugzeug Dempseys beschaedigt. Der hoechstrangige General der USA selbst sei zum Zeitpunkt des Angriffs auf die Bagram Luftwaffenbasis ausserhalb von Kabul nicht in der Naehe seiner Maschine gewesen, sagte NATO-Sprecher Jamie Graybeal. Auch sonst habe es keine Verletzten gegeben. (zu dapd-Text) Foto: Jacquelyn Martin/AP/dapd

美參謀長聯席會議主席訪問土耳其

土耳其一警察哨所遭自殺式襲擊

土耳其的水資源管理

土耳其在氣候保護方面面臨著特殊挑戰。該國打算大幅擴大電力生產，因為這裡電力短缺，停電現象時有發生。正因如此，土耳其東部新近建成的水電站以及一個新的污水處理項目，起到了宣傳作用。下期的《全球環保創意》將向您介紹這兩個新項目。

Coast guards search for survivors after at least 58 illegal immigrants drowned when a fishing boat carrying people who had been promised refuge in Europe sank after hitting rocks off the coast near Aegean city of Izmir, Turkey, Thursday, Sept. 6, 2012, officials said. Dozens of survivors, mostly from Iraq and Syria, were able to swim through the Aegean waters to shore, only 50 meters (160 feet) away.(Foto:Hurriyet/AP/dapd) TURKEY OUT

Coast guards search for survivors after at least 58 illegal immigrants drowned when a fishing boat carrying people who had been promised refuge in Europe sank after hitting rocks off the coast near Aegean city of Izmir, Turkey, Thursday, Sept. 6, 2012, officials said. Dozens of survivors, mostly from Iraq and Syria, were able to swim through the Aegean waters to shore, only 50 meters (160 feet) away.(Foto:Hurriyet/AP/dapd) TURKEY OUT

近60名難民在土耳其海岸遇難半數為兒童

Heavy armoured vehicles of Turkish military are stationed in front of Gecimli military outpost where Kurdish rebels attacked and killed 6 soldiers and 2 village guard on August 5, 2012 at Cukurca in Hakkari. Six soldiers, two village guards and 14 Kurdish rebels were killed following the assault on an army post in a village in the southeastern province of Hakkari, the local governor told the Anatolia news agency. Three of the slain rebels were women, said governor Orhan Alimoglu. Another 15 soldiers, one village guard and five civilians were wounded, according to a statement from the governor's office cited by Anatolia. The rebels from the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) launched simultaneous assaults on three border posts but the casualties occurred at a post in the village of Gecimli, the private NTV television station reported. AFP PHOTO/STR (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/GettyImages)

Heavy armoured vehicles of Turkish military are stationed in front of Gecimli military outpost where Kurdish rebels attacked and killed 6 soldiers and 2 village guard on August 5, 2012 at Cukurca in Hakkari. Six soldiers, two village guards and 14 Kurdish rebels were killed following the assault on an army post in a village in the southeastern province of Hakkari, the local governor told the Anatolia news agency. Three of the slain rebels were women, said governor Orhan Alimoglu. Another 15 soldiers, one village guard and five civilians were wounded, according to a statement from the governor's office cited by Anatolia. The rebels from the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) launched simultaneous assaults on three border posts but the casualties occurred at a post in the village of Gecimli, the private NTV television station reported. AFP PHOTO/STR (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/GettyImages)

土耳其軍方彈藥庫走火爆炸

In this picture taken Friday, Dec. 18, 2009, a member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, trains on a weapon at their camp in the Qandil mountains near the Turkish border with northern Iraq. (ddp images/AP Photo/Yahya Ahmed)

In this picture taken Friday, Dec. 18, 2009, a member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, trains on a weapon at their camp in the Qandil mountains near the Turkish border with northern Iraq. (ddp images/AP Photo/Yahya Ahmed)

庫爾德衝突再度激化

Visum Schengener Staaten

Visum Schengener Staaten

德國簡化土耳其公民入境簽證程序

Undatiertes Archivbild zeigt den türkischen Beschneider Murat Özkan (r), der in Istanbul die Hose eines Jungen öffnet, um ihn anschließend zu beschneiden. Allein beim Gedanken an eine Beschneidung verziehen die meisten Europäer vor Schmerz das Gesicht und legen schützend die Hand über ihr Geschlecht. In der Türkei und zahlreichen anderen moslemischen Ländern gehört das Beschneidungsfest aber zum Leben jedes Mannes wie in Deutschland religiöse Feste wie Taufe, die Kommunion oder die Konfirmation. dpa (zu dpa-Reportage "Kleiner Schnitt, großes Ereignis...")

Undatiertes Archivbild zeigt den türkischen Beschneider Murat Özkan (r), der in Istanbul die Hose eines Jungen öffnet, um ihn anschließend zu beschneiden. Allein beim Gedanken an eine Beschneidung verziehen die meisten Europäer vor Schmerz das Gesicht und legen schützend die Hand über ihr Geschlecht. In der Türkei und zahlreichen anderen moslemischen Ländern gehört das Beschneidungsfest aber zum Leben jedes Mannes wie in Deutschland religiöse Feste wie Taufe, die Kommunion oder die Konfirmation. dpa (zu dpa-Reportage "Kleiner Schnitt, großes Ereignis...")

土耳其歐洲部長：宗教自由在德國受到威脅

In this Sunday, Aug. 5, 2012 file photo, Fatoum Obeid, 50, stands in a pile of trash left by Syrian soldiers who occupied her home in Atarib, Syria. As Syria's rebels gain ground across the country, the fighters are trying to win the hearts and minds of their countrymen and the international community -- capturing army diesel trucks to give to impoverished villagers, working to restore damaged power lines and smuggling in foreign journalists. (AP Photo/Ben Hubbard, File)

In this Sunday, Aug. 5, 2012 file photo, Fatoum Obeid, 50, stands in a pile of trash left by Syrian soldiers who occupied her home in Atarib, Syria. As Syria's rebels gain ground across the country, the fighters are trying to win the hearts and minds of their countrymen and the international community -- capturing army diesel trucks to give to impoverished villagers, working to restore damaged power lines and smuggling in foreign journalists. (AP Photo/Ben Hubbard, File)

土耳其開始限制敘利亞難民潮