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齐默尔曼无罪判决震动美国社会

2013年7月15日

枪杀美国黑人青年的白人警察齐默尔曼的无罪判决在美国引起巨大争议。很多人认为判决含有种族歧视的因素。齐默尔曼被无罪释放引起极大抗议。

https://p.dw.com/p/197qz
Protesters rally in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the Trayvon Martin trial in Times Square in New York, July 14, 2013. U.S. President Barack Obama called for calm on Sunday after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of unarmed black teenager Trayvon Martin, as thousands of civil rights demonstrators turned out at rallies to condemn racial profiling. Zimmerman, cleared late on Saturday by a Florida jury of six women, still faces public outrage, a possible civil suit and demands for a federal investigation. REUTERS/Keith Bedford (UNITED STATES - Tags: CRIME LAW CIVIL UNREST)
ach Urteil图像来源: Reuters

(德国之声中文网)对枪杀17岁黑人青年特雷瓮·马丁( Trayvon Martin)的保安齐默尔曼的无罪判决在全美引起强烈反响,成为各大电视台的重要新闻。在华盛顿一座主要为非裔美国天主教徒举办弥撒的教堂内,参加弥撒的教徒们对这一判决感到震惊。一位名叫拉伊蒙德(Raymond Umunna)的青年对德国之声记者说:"一个白人枪杀一位非裔美国人。这很容易被说成是种族问题。不过我们应该小心,从中吸取教训。"其他人讲话则不像拉伊蒙德这样严谨。一位不愿透露姓名的妇女愤怒地咒骂司法人员判决不公。

法律面前并非人人平等

互联网上对被判无罪的齐默尔曼和法院的诅咒和谴责铺天盖地。一位网民说,应该对齐默尔曼处以绞刑。另一位网民失望地写道,在美国,并非法律面前人人平等。

Headshots of neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman (R) who has been charged with second-degree murder of unarmed black teenager Trayvon Martin (L) are seen in this combination photograph from a Seminole County, Florida, Sheriff's Office booking photograph taken on April 11, 2012 and an undated handout photo released by the Martin family public relations representative . A special prosecutor in Florida charged Zimmerman with second-degree murder on April 11, 2012 in the shooting death of Martin, a move protesters had demanded for weeks in a racially charged case that has riveted the United States. REUTERS/Handouts (UNITED STATES - Tags: CRIME LAW POLITICS) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
枪杀美国黑人青年的齐默尔曼被判无罪图像来源: Reuters

一位在教堂前卖报的老人叹息道:"这是一件令人伤心的事情,"马丁被杀害时毕竟手无寸铁,他的命运不仅仅是因为他的种族,而且也是因为他的地位。因为齐默尔曼是法官的儿子。"他们可以想干什么就干什么"。

对齐默尔曼的无罪判决也使主持弥撒的牧师受到震撼。他在主持弥撒时表示,他已经亲身经历过无数次种族歧视和被边缘化的案例。

政界的责任

总部位于华盛顿的"美国进步中心"(Center for American Progress)的魏尔茨(Michael Werz)认为,政界应该对该事件承担责任。他说,司法机构做出如此判决的责任在于政府。佛罗里达州的的"不退让法""Stand Your Ground"规定,在与被检查对象发生争执并受到威胁的情况下,即便有脱离危险的可能性,也可以使用致命武器。 魏尔茨称,该法律条款成为齐默尔曼等"私人警察"有空可钻的"法律灰色区域"。这些武装的私人警察在执行保安任务时,总是试图驱赶那些被他们认为不属于该区域的路人。

People yell during a rally in reaction to the acquittal of George Zimmerman in New York July 14, 2013. Thousands of protesters chanting "No justice, no peace" gathered in New York City on Sunday to protest the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of unarmed black teenager Trayvon Martin, which prompted rallies across the country. REUTERS/Eric Thayer (UNITED STATES - Tags: CIVIL UNREST POLITICS CRIME LAW)
抗议者认为判决有种族主义因素图像来源: Reuters


魏尔茨认为,毫无疑问,至少在这一点上种族歧视起到了推动作用。 "马丁的确是具备了令人产生偏见的所有因素。" " 正是因为如此,该事件成为在美国引发一场大规模政治抗议运动的导火索。"

总统再次倡议严厉武器法

美国总统奥巴马周日告诫国民尊重判决。他安慰被枪杀青年的父母说:"我要是有一个儿子,他会长得很像特雷瓮。"奥巴马希望借此事件再次推动实施严格枪支管理法的计划。美国人权活动家杰克逊(Jesse Jackson)指出,法院评审团内没有黑人族群的代表。马丁的父母指责当局只因其儿子是黑人而没有进行认真调查。

魏尔茨对这些指责表示理解。他说:"人们常常会因其种族,肤色和社会地位低下而被警方和法院置于有罪的地位。"

系统的歧视? 

难道美国黑人领袖马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther Kings )发表著名的演说"我有一个梦想"将近50年之后,美国的少数族群仍然一直受到系统地种族歧视吗? 虽然绝大多数人认为不应有种族歧视,但是在美国肤色差异继续发挥着作用,似乎是一种普遍的日常意识。

The crowd begins a short march for Trayvon Martin in Miami, Florida July 14, 2013. U.S. President Barack Obama called for calm on Sunday after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of black teenager Martin, as hundreds of civil rights demonstrators turned out at rallies to condemn racial profiling. REUTERS/Andrew Innerarity (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS CRIME LAW CIVIL UNREST)
众多人抗议判决不公正图像来源: Reuters

当下,种族问题成为美国媒体和互联网讨论的重点,也引发了一场高度情绪化的争议。魏尔茨说:"现实情况是,偏见起着作用。在美国的日常生活中存在着种族主义。""但是,美国国内公民权运动的一个转折点和所取得的巨大成功是,敦促政府将人人平等的原则严格立法。因此,在公共交通,大学和政府机构中,虽然系统化的种族歧视并非完全不可能,但是很难。"

作者:Gero Schließ   编译:李京慧

责编:洪沙