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人权——普遍而不可分割

2013年3月11日

德国发展媒体奖致力于强调人权和发展之间的紧密联系,特别关注受歧视的弱势群体。

https://p.dw.com/p/17s2L
A schoolgirl participates in a lesson in Kilifi, approximately 50 kilomtres north-east of Mombasa on June 23, 2010, where an initiative called 'Moving the Goalspost', MTG, has sponsored female students from the Kilifi district where drop-out rates due to early marriages, teen pregnancy and a traditional bias towards educating male siblings over female, are high. Using the sport of football to recruit pre and teen-aged girls out of school, MTG has managed to maintain hundreds of girls in school whom it also recruits into its all-female soccer teams to compete at district level tournaments that has been populalrly embraced by the local community and changed perceptions on the value of the girl-child. Current estimates by UNICEF place the number of out-of-school children at 93 million the majority of these being girls, and almost 80 per cent of them live in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. AFP PHOTO / Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images)
Afrika Schule Mädchen Kilifi Afrika Klassenzimmer Mombasa图像来源: AFP/Getty Images

人权和发展彼此紧密相关,不可分离。保护人权是自由发展的基础。发展的进程也是人们要求、行使和实现权利的一个重要前提。在侵犯人权的地方,是无法实现可持续发展的。其中主要受影响的人群是女性、少数民族、残疾人或极端贫困人口,即极易受到歧视的人群。

人权具有普世性。所有人都享有人权所包含的基本权利和基本自由,如享受饮食权、受教育权、社会参与权等。国家有义务保障这些公民理应享有的权利。人权是不可分割的:言论自由权和政治参与权和饮食权、受教育权和健康权一样重要。

CAIRO, EGYPT - FEBRUARY 11: A woman in Tahrir Square reacts as it is announced that Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak was giving up power February 11, 2011 in Cairo, Egypt. After 18 days of widespread protests, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, who has now left Cairo for his home in the Egyptian resort town of Sharm el-Sheik, announced that he would step down. (Photo by Chris Hondros/Getty Images)
图像来源: Getty Images

用“人权的眼光”看发展的意思是,不只看到不足之处也能认清造成贫困和排斥的结构性根源。贫困不仅仅指贫民窟里随处可见的种种不幸,在许多情况下也是藐视人权的结果:基本资源、医疗卫生、接受教育、司法机构对这些人来说遥不可及。他们也不能参与任何政治活动。这种排斥与隔离一般来说只会给他们带来更多的消极影响。

从人权的角度看发展可以帮助找出问题的根源并尽可能地解决这些问题。