Takaitaccen tarihin gwagwarmaya da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu

A cikin shekarar 1948 ne dai aka girka dokar nan ta mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ta kai ga nuna banbanci matuka tsakanin fararen fata da na bakake a kasar. A wannan lokaci dai bakaken fata ikon yin wata hulda da farare kama daga shiga mota ta haya ko amfani da bandakuna da ma dai 'yancin yin walwala a kasar.

To sai dai da lokaci ya tura, masu adawa da wannan tsari wanda galibinsu matasa ne a wancan lokacin bisa jagoranci tsohon shugaban kasar Nelson Mandela suka fara fafutuka don kawo karshen mulkin na wariyar launin fata, batun da ya kaisu ga shiga jam'iyyar nan ta ANC. Christopher Marx masanin tarihi ne, ya kuma yi wa DW karin haske kan wadannan matasa.

Ba mutane ne da suka girma a cibiyoyi na 'yan mishan ba kamar dattijan ANC na kasar, matasan sun girma ne a birane saboda haka su ma sun dandana irin na'uin wariyar launin fata da aka yi wa al'ummar kasar.

Yunkurin aiyana dokar haramta wariyar launin fata

Wannan ne ma dai ya sanya jam'iyyar ta ANC ta zama wani makami na yakar wariya a kasar har ma ta kai ga amincewa da wata doka da tai hani ga mulkin na wariya a shekara ta 1955, kwatankwacin irin dokar da masu mulkin na wariya suka yi a shekarar 1948.

To sai dai wannan yunkuri na ANC ya ci karo da tsaiko a shekarar 1960 lokacin da 'yan sanda suka bude wuta kan masu zanga-zanga har ma mutane 69 suka rasu yayin da wasu da dama suka jikkata.

Jim kadan bayan da aka shiga wannan yanayi ne gwamnatin mulkin wariyar launin fata ta haramta dukannin wani aiki na ANC kazalika ta yankewa jagoranta wato Nelson Mandela daurin rai da rai a gidan maza, batun da ya sanya masana tarihi irin su Christopher Marx ke ganin hakan ya dakushe fafutukar da ANC ke yi.

Wannan ya sanya ANC ta bace sam a Afirka ta Kudu. Galibin shugabaninta sun tafi yi gudun hijira kuma hakan ya sanya sun dau lokaci kafin su hada kansu waje guda da nufin sake gina jam'iyyar.

A cikin shekarar ta 1976 ANC ta sake dawowa da karfinta har ma al'ummar kasar suka samu kwarin gwiwa yin zanga-zanga kan titunan kasar inda suka nuna dawarsu da amfani da harshen Afrikaans a makarantu.

Zanga-zangar neman sauyi

Wannan zanga-zanga dai ta yi sanadiyyar rasuwar mutane 500 bayan da jami'an tsaro suka afka musu, lamarin da ya sanya hankalin kasashen duniya ya karkata ga halin da Afirka ta Kudu ke ciki a wannan lokacin, kuma hakan ne za a iya cewa ya bude wani sabon babi a kasar kamar yadda Peter Mugabane, wanda ya shaida abinda ya faru ya ke cewa.

Ranar 16 ga watan Yulin rana ce mai muhimmancin gaske a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu. A nan ne mulkin wariyar launin fata ya fara fuskantar matsala.

Bayan wannan sauyi da aka samu, matsin lamba ta sanya a shekarar 1989 shugaba P.W Botha ya mika ragamar mulki ga F.W De Klerk wanda shi ne ya jagoranci kawar da mulkin 'yan wariyar launin fata da ma sakarwa jam'iyyun siyasa mara a kasar gami da sakin Nelson Mandela daga gidan kaso, har ma daga bisani ya zama shugaban kasa bakar fata na farko a kasar.

Mawallafi: Ahmed Salisu
Edita: Pinado Abdu Waba