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Matakan NATO kan yakin cacar baka

Ralf Bosen SB LMJ
December 12, 2019

Wani matakin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet shekaru 40 da suka gabata ya janyo kungiyar tsaro ta NATO ko OTAN ta dauki wasu matakai biyu lokaci guda, a matsayin martani da samun daidaito yayin da ake fama da yakin cacar baka.

https://p.dw.com/p/3Ui9n
SS-20 Rakete
Makami mai linzami da ke cin dogon zangoHoto: picture-alliance/dpa/Sputnik/I. Baskakov

A shekarun 1970 kungyiar tsaro ta NATO ko OTAN da yarjejeniyar tsaro ta birnin Warsaw sun shafe shekaru suna yi wa juna kallon hadirin kaji tsakanin bangaren Yammaci da Gabashin duniya. A karshe an fara samun sararawa. Fiye da kasashe 35 da suka hada da Amirka da Tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da ke jangorancin bangarorin sun amince da mika wuya kan shirin tabbatar da samun mafita yayin taro a birnin Helsinki na kasar Finland a shekarar 1975. Amma a zahiri ba a daina rige-rigen mallakar makamai ba tsakanin bangarorin. A shekarar 1977 Tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet ta yi ba zata ga kasashen Yamma kan sabon shirin nukiliya, inda ta mayar da makamai masu linzani da ke cin gajeran zango na gabashin Turai zuwa na zamani. Wannan makami yana da karfi fiye da sau 80 kan wanda Amirka ta jefa a garin Hiroshima na Japan lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, da tafiyar fiye da kilo-mita 5000 cikin mintoci. Abin da ya janyo fargaba a yammacin duniya. Tsohon shugaban gwamnatin Jamus, Helmut Schmidt ya ce haka ya shafi manufofin kasashen Turai da kuma kasar ta Jamus:

"Ina fargabar wata rana wannan matsayi na amfani da karfi zai zama na Jamus. Makamai masu linzamin an auna su kan Jamus ne."

Jugoslawien Tito und Schmidt 1974
Tsohon shugaban kasar Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito (daga hagu da taba a hannunsa) da shugaban gwamnatin yammacin Jamus Helmut SchmidtHoto: Getty Images/Hulton Archive

Shekaru biyu daga bisani kungiyar tsaron NATO ta mayar da martani ga tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. Muddun Soviet ba ta janye makaman ba, Amirka za ta girka na ta makaman a kasashen Turai cikin shekaru hudu kafin karshen shekarar 1983, abin da ya zama kamar wasa da wuta. Tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet ta ce babu wanda ya isa kai ta kan teburin sulhu, kwanaki bayan haka Soviet ta mamaye kasar Afghanistan a watan Disamba na shekarar 1979, yayin da bangarorin biyu ke kara murza gashin baki. An samu dubban musu zanga-zanga kan tituna a Jamus ta Yamma a wancan lokacin. Tsohon shugaban gwamnatin Helmut Schmidt ya rasa madafun iko a 1982 wanda ya gada Helmut Kohl ya ci gaba da munufofin, inda ya amince da girka makaman a Jamus. Horst Teltschik tsohon mataimakin shugaban gwamnatin Jamus ya zargi Soviet da ingiza mutane:

A 1985 lamura sun sauya Michael Gorbachev ya dauki madafun ikon Soviet, kuma a cewar Hans-Dietrich Gennscher tsowon ministan harkokin wajen Jamus, matsayin na NATO ya taimaka:

"Sakamakon matakai biyu lokaci guda da NATO ta dauka, ba rage makamai masu linzami kadai aka yi ba, anma rasa su baki daya. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manufofin rage makamai masu linzami da ya yi nasara a tsawon tarihi."

An samu kungiyoyin kare muhalli daga wannan lokacin.