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“好奇号”火星车成功着陆

2012年8月6日

经历了长达8个月、5.7亿公里的漫长旅程,美国宇航局的“好奇号”火星车本周一成功在火星表面着陆。按计划,这台重约1吨、号称人类有史以来运送至其他星球最精密复杂的设备,将在火星表面进行至少22个月的科学探测。

https://p.dw.com/p/15kUs
In this image from NASA TV, shot off a video screen, one of the first images from a second batch of images sent from the Curiosity rover is pictured of its wheel after it successfully landed on Mars. The video screen was inside the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) team inside the Spaceflight Operations Facility for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover at Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California August 5, 2012.The rover landed on the Martian surface shortly after 10:30 p.m. Pacific time on Sunday (1:30 a.m. EDT Monday/0530 GMT) to begin a two-year mission seeking evidence the Red Planet once hosted ingredients for life, NASA said. REUTERS/Courtesy NASA TV/Handout (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
图像来源: Reuters

[德国之声中文网]

美国西海岸时间周日晚22点40分,洛杉矶的NASA喷气推进实验室的控制中心里一片欢腾。科学家与工程师们刚刚收到"好奇号"火星车成功着陆的信号。美国宇航局表示,这也许是迄今为止除载人航天以外,人类在太空探索领域的最复杂任务。

数分钟后,好奇号火星车成功传回了三幅照片,展示了火星表面的景象。其中一幅中,画面一角还出现了火星车的车轮。

Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Image shot off a video screen from NASA TV shows members of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) team celebrating inside the Spaceflight Operations Facility for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover at Jet Propulsion Laboratory after receiving the first few images from the Curiosity rover, in Pasadena, California August 5, 2012. Mission controllers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory said they received signals relayed by a Martian orbiter confirming that the rover had survived a make-or-break descent and landing attempt to touch down as planned inside a vast impact crater. One of the first images sent from the rover is shown on screen in the background. REUTERS/Courtesy NASA TV/Handout (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
NASA Kontrollzentrum Mars Landung Roboter Curiosity图像来源: Reuters

控制中心一名工作人员透露,"好奇号"的着陆地点在火星南半球的一座山脚下,地势平坦。这项名为"火星科学实验"的探测项目,耗资达25亿美元。这也是70年代"海盗号"探测计划后,美国宇航局的又一次外星生命探测任务。值得一提的是,目前的美国宇航局正面临大规模的经费削减,一年前甚至终止了所有航天飞机任务。

奥巴马总统的首席科学顾问霍顿(John Holdren)在控制中心现场表示,这是星际探索的里程碑,此前还没有人达到过这个高度。

奥巴马本人稍后也发表讲话,指出"好奇号"是人类史上运送至其他星球最复杂精密的实验设备,火星车的成功着陆是科技史上前所未有的成就,它将是今后多年的民族骄傲。奥巴马还表彰了科研人员的决心与创造力,他强调正是对创新、科技及基础学科的广泛而持久的投入,使得美国经济始终为全球所瞩目。

In this image from NASA TV, shot off a video screen, one of the first images from the Curiosity rover is pictured of its wheel after it successfully landed on Mars. The video screen was inside the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) team inside the Spaceflight Operations Facility for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover at Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California August 5, 2012. The Curiosity rover landed successfully landed on the surface of Mars. REUTERS/Courtesy NASA TV/Handout (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS
NASA Kontrollzentrum Mars Landung Roboter Curiosity图像来源: Reuters

全新科技 探寻火星生命

在整个任务中,着陆可谓是最困难的部分。由于"好奇号"重约1吨,无法像以前一样采取气囊弹跳着陆的方法,研发人员开发了一种全新的、更为可控的着陆方案。"好奇号"飞向火星表面时的速度是每小时2.12万公里,而从开始减速到着陆则只有约7分钟的时间。进入火星大气层后,防热瓦阻挡摩擦产生的高温;到了最后阶段,飞船展开一顶降落伞--此时飞船依然处于超音速状态。此后,"好奇号"火星车将会从飞船中弹出,悬挂在由反推火箭提供动力的飞船下面,缓缓下降高度,接近地面时,悬挂缆绳切断,火星车完成着陆。

与它的前任、2004年登陆的"勇气号"与"机遇号"相比,"好奇号"并没有采用太阳能驱动,而是选用了核动力。美国宇航局表示,目前暂时还无法确知登陆地周边的环境,有待进一步的研究。在开始正式的探测任务前,宇航局还计划先花费数周时间对登陆的火星车进行各项功能检测。

而正式的探测任务则将持续至少22个月,也就是一整个火星年。在此期间,火星车将在崎岖不平的地面上检查土壤及岩石样本,判断该处环境是否适合微生物生存。"好奇号"也将寻找火星早期是否存在过原始生命的证据。

来源:德新社/路透社/美联社/法新社                  综合报道:文山

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