Yarjejeniyar Kyoto

Ita dai yarjejeniyar ta Kyoto an cimmata ne a shekarar 1997 bayan famar kai ruwa rana da aka yi a taron duniya akan makomar yanayin da aka gudanar a kasar Japan. A karkashin wannan yarjejeniya kasashe masu ci gaban masana’antu sun yi alkawarin kayyade yawan hayakin na carbon-dioxid da suke fitarwa zuwa sararin samaniya da misalin kashi biyar cikin dari kafin shekara ta 2012. Ita dai Jamus kusan a ce ta cika alkawarinta. Domin kuwa bayan rushewar Jamus ta Gabas an dakatar da ayyukan masana’antu da dama, lamarin da ya taimaka aka rage yawan gurbata yanayin yankin. Daya matakin kuma shi ne na cinikin kason da aka kayyade wa kowace kasa dangane da yawan hayakin na carbon-dioxid da zata rika fitarwa. Wannan manufar ta tanadi sayen kason da aka kayyade wa wasu sassa na duniya ne, wadanda a hakika ba su fitar da hayakin na carbon-dioxid mai yawa domin maye gurbinsa da hayakin da kamkafoni ke fitarwa a kasashe masu ci gaban masana’antu. Ta haka kasashen da lamarin ya shafa zasu iya saka wannan kaso da suka saya a lissafin yawan abin da suka kayyade na hayakin carbon-dioxid domin cika alkawarinsu. A baya ga haka akwai daya manufar da ta shafi tsomma hannu a wasu shirye-shiryen da suka shafi kare kewayen dan-Adam a kasashe masu tasowa.

A yayinda gwamnatin Jamus ke marhabin da yarjejeniyar ta Kyoto a matsayin wani ci gaba na tarihin da zai kawo sauyi ga manufofin kare yanayi na kasa da kasa, kwararrun masana al'a’uran kewayen dan-Adam na korafi ne cewar kudurorin yarjejeniyar ta rage dimamar yanayi ba su taka kara sun karya ba. Daya matsalar kuma ita ce kasar Amurka, wacce take lamba wan wajen gurbata yanayin duniya amma ta janye daga yarjejeniyar. Dalilin da ta bayar shi ne wai matakan kare makomar yanayin zai haifar da asarar dala miliyan dubu 400 ga tattalin arzikinta da kuma awon gaba da guraben ayyukan yi ga mutane kimanin miliyan biyar a kasar. A baya ga haka shugaba George W. Bush yayi korafin cewar yarjejeniyar tana ba da la’akari ne kawai ga kasashe masu ci gaban masana’antu, amma banda kasashe masu matsakaicin ci gaba irinsu Indiya da China. Ita ma Rasha ta dade tana dari-dari da yar jeniyar ta Kyoto. Sai a misalin watanni uku da suka wuce ne majalisar dokoki ta Duma ta albarkaci takardar yarjejeniyar, lamarin da ya kai ga yawan kasashe 141 dake da niyyar aiwatar da ita. Tare da amincewar kasar Rasha aka cimma yawan kasashe masu ci gaban masana’antu 55 da ake bukata domin fara aikin yarjejeniyar ta kayyade yawan dimamar yanayi, shekaru bakwai bayan cimma daidaituwa kanta.