Wangari Maathai: Mai rajin kare muhalli

Yaya farkon rayuwar Wangari Maathai yake?

An haifi Wangari Muta Maathai a 1940 a kauyen Tetu a tsakiyar yankin tsaunukan Kenya, tazarar kilo mita 160 kwatankwaci mil (99) daga Nairobi babban birnin kasar Kenya. Tana daga cikin matasan Afirka 800 da suka sami gurbin karatu a Amirka a 1960, karkashin tallafin karatu na Kennedy Airlift.

Wane cigaba Wangari Maathai ta samu a fannin Ilmi?

Ta karanta ilmin hallitu da tsirrai a Amirka, inda ta sami karsashi daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam. Ta koma kasarta ta haihuwa Kenya don karin Ilmi sannan ta je kasar Jamus. Maathai ita ce mace ta farko 'yar gabashin Afirka da kuma tsakiyar da ta sami digirin digirgir. Ta cigaba ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama mataimakiyar Farfesa a gabashi da tsakiyar Afirka. A 1976 Wangari Maathai ta zama shugabar sashen nazarin hallitar kasusuwan dabbobi a jami'ar Nairobi, inda ta sami matsayin mataimakiyar Farfesa, shekara daya bayan nan.

Yaya Wangari Maathai ta samar da shirin kandagarkin Hamada na Green Belt?

Maathai ta gabatar da shawarar dasa itatuwa wanda ta tsara ta mayar da shi zuwa kungiyar al'ummar karkara, wanda ta rada wa suna Green Belt Movement (GBM). An kafa kungiyar a 1977 karkashin inuwar majalisar matan Kenya (NCWK) sakamakon bukatar makamashi da ruwa ga matan karkakara a Kenya. Tsawon shekaru kungiyar GBM ta Maathai ta dasa itatuwa sama da miliyan 51 a Kenya. Da ayyukan da kungiyar ta rika yi a karkara da kasa da kuma duniya, kungiyar ta mayar da hankali kan yin kandagarkin sauyin yanayi da karfafa wa al'ummomi kwarin gwiwa, musamman mata wajen cigaban dimukaradiyya da inganta rayuwa.

Ta yaya Wangari Maathai ta zama mai gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan Adam?

Maathai ta yi suna wajen yaki da kwace wa al'umma kasa da wuraren albarkatun ruwa da kuma muhalli a Kenya. A 1989 a lokacin da Kenya ta ke bin tsarin jam'iyya daya karkashin jagorancin shugaba Daniel arap Moi, ta jagoranci gangamin adawa da gina wani katafaren beni mai hawa 60, na kamfanin sadarwa na Kenya Media Trust a wurin shakatawa na Uhuru Park, a fili mai fadin hekta 13 daura da wurin shakatawar kusa da cibiyar kasuwancin Nairobi.

Shekaru goma bayan nan, ta jagoranci wata kungiyar al'umma inda suka yi fito na fito da 'yan banga, wadanda masu aikin gini suka dauko su sojan haya wadanda ke neman kwace dajin Karura, dajin da aka sanya cikin kundin doka a 1932 wanda kuma ke kusa da babban birnin kasar. Tun farko girman dajin ya kai murabba'in hekta 1,041. A yanzu gandun dajin bai wuce hekta 564 ba, saboda kutse da masu gine-gine suke yi a cikinsa kamar yadda wani rahoton Kenyar na 2005  kan haramtattun filaye da aka rabar ya nuna.

Wangari Maathai ta kuma shiga gwagwarmayar siyasa a kasarta ta haihuwa. A 1992 shekarar da aka gudanar da zabbukan farko a kasar wanda ya kunshi jam'iyyu da dama, Maathai ta jagoranci kungiyar wasu iyaye mata wadanda suka yi yajin cin abinci a wurin shakatawa na Uhuru Park a Nairobi. Matan tare da wata kungiyar 'yan fafutukar siyasa da aka yi wa lakabi da Release Political Prisoners, ma'ana a sako fursunonin siyasa (RPP) a turance. Sun nemi a sako 'ya'yansu da aka tsare a kurkuku ba tare da shari'a ba, saboda wasu dalilai na siyasa. Matan sun tube zigidir bayan da jami'an tsaro suka tarwatsa su. Sun cigaba da yin turjiya har tsawon watanni goma sha daya, kafin gwamnati ta komo da baya ta saki fursunonin siyasar. Daga baya an rada wa wannan bangare na wurin shakatawar suna ''Kusurwar 'yanci'' domin tuni da abin da ya faru a wajen.

Bayan da aka shigo da tsarin jam'iyyu da dama, kungiyar kandagarkin Hamada ta Green Belt karkashin jagorancin Maathai, ta dabbaka shirin fadakar da al'umma game da shugabanci na gari, da samar da zaman lafiya da kuma kare muhalli.   

Yaya aka karrama Wangari Maathai game da ayyukanta?

Game da cigaban da ta samu kan ayyukanta, Wangari Maathai ta sami lambobin yabo masu yawa da suka hada da lambar yabo ta kare 'yancin rayuwar al'umma da lambar yabo ta Goldman kan kare muhalli, da lambar yabo ta Indira Ghandi da lambar karramawa ta tsoffin sojin Faransa. A 2005 shugabannin kasashen yankin Congo sun nada ta jakadiyar aminci da Lumana ta gandun dajin Congo da zamantakewar tsirrai da halittu.

 A 2004 ta sami daya daga cikin lambar yabo mafi girma lokacin da kwamitin bada lambar yabo ta Nobel ta karrama da lambar zaman lafiya bisa gudunmawarta ga cigaba mai dorewa, dimukuradiyya da zaman lafiya a Kenya da Afirka baki daya.

Wasu daga cikin kalaman Maathai

"Al'ummar da ta lalata muhalli ba ita ce al'ummar da ke jin radadin abin da ta aikata ba. Wannan ita ce matsalar."

"Hakkin dan Adam ba abu ne da ake bajewa akan teburi jama'a su kwasa ba. Wadannan abubuwa ne da sai ka tashi ka yi gwagwarmaya ka kare shi."

"A yau muna fuskantar kalubalen da ke bukatar sauyi a tunanin mu, yadda al'umma za ta daina barazana ga tsarin rayuwarta. An bukaci mu taimaki duniya ta warkar da ciwon da ya dame ta, ta haka mu ma zamu sami waraka - a takaice dai mu rungumi dukkan hallitu da tsirrai, shi ne kyawun rayuwa. Amincewa da cigaba mai dorewa, dimukuradiyya da zaman lafiya, al'amura ne da ba za su rabu ba, kuma lokacinsu ya zo."

"Ina sane da gaskiyar cewa ba za ka iya kai kadai ba. Sai an hada hannu. Idan ka ce kai kadai za ka iya za ka fada hatsarin da idan ba ka nan babu wanda zai iya yi kenan."

Yaya za a tuna da Wangari Maathai remembered?

Wangari Maathai ta rasu bayan ta sha fama da cutar sankarar mahaifa a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba 2011, tana da shekaru 71.

A 2012, kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta tsayar da ranar 3 ga watan Maris na ko wce shekara, a matsayin ranar Wangari Maathai. Ana bikin ranar tare da ranar muhalli ta Afirka.

A 2016, gwamnatin birnin Nairobi ta sake sunan titin gandun daji zuwa titin Farfesa Wangari Maathai

An kafa cibiyar zaman lafiya da nazarin muhalli ta Wangari Maathai (WMI) a jam'ar Nairobi, domin karramawa da raya manufofi da ayyukan Farfesa Wangari Maathai.

Shawarwarin kimiyya da suka shafi wannan kasida an same su ne daga masana tarihi Farfesa Doulaye Konaté da Dr Lily Mafela, da kuma Farfesa Christopher Ogbogbo. Shirin tushen Afirka na samun tallafi daga gidauniyar Gerda Henkel.