Tarihin Beethoven
September 12, 2008
A cikin watan Disamban shekarar 1770 aka haifi Ludwig van Beethoven a wani zamani da waƙa ke zaman wani abin nishaɗantarwa musamman inda ake buga karta ko dai wani taɗi. To sai dai Beethoven ya zo da wani salon kiɗa daban don jan hankalin mai sauraro. A lokaci wasu sun fusata yayin wasu kuma suka gamsu da salon kiɗa a birnin Vienna dake zaman cibiyar waƙoƙiin da, inji Marcus Schinkel makaɗin jazz a birnin Bonn mahaifar Beethoven.
Ya ce: "Beethoven shi ne mawaƙin farko mai zaman kanshi wanda ba ruwansa da masu ba da kwangila ko ɗaukar mawaƙi aiki. Ba kamar sauran mawaƙa kamar Mozart da Adel da suke yiwa majami´ar waƙoƙi ba, shi a kiɗan sa ya na nuna yadda yake ji ne inda ya buɗe wani sabon fage na annashuwa."
Marcus ya ce a gareshi waƙoƙin Beethhoven na da alaƙa da waƙoƙin jazz.
Ya ce: "Kamar sauran makiɗa a zamaninsa wato kamar su Mozart, shi ma Beethoven ya iya rera waƙa nan take ba da wani zurfin tunani ba. Wannan dai wata ƙwarewa ce da yanzu ake ganinta da makiɗan waƙoƙin jazz."
Beethoven ya yi rayuwa mai wahala. Rahotanni sun yi nuni da cewa mahaifinsa ya so ya zama wani yaro mai hazaƙa kamar ire iren su Mozart. Shi ya sa tun yana ɗan ƙarami aka tilasta masa buga piano, shi yasa tun yana shekara bakwai ya fara yin wasansa a bainar jama´a a birnin Kolon. Da yake shekara 17 mahaifiyar ta rasu sannan da shi mahaifinsa kuma ba wata dangantaka ta kusantar juna.
Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin Ludwig van Beethoven da suka fi shahara ita ce waƙarsa ta biyar da a yau aka fi sani da waƙar makoma. A cikin watan Disamban shekarar 1808 sannan Beethoven na da shekaru 38 a duniya ya rera wannan waƙa a birnin Vienna. To sai dai a lokacin jama´a ba ta ji daɗin kaɗan ba domin ya banbanta da wanda aka saba ji.
Ya dai fi yin tsawon rayuwarsa ne a birnin Vienna inda ya shahara ƙwarai da gaske. Hakazalika ya samu kuɗi saboda goyon bayan da ya samu daga attajirai dake sha´awar waƙoƙinsa. A shekara ta 1810 Beethoven ya kai ƙololuwar fasaharsa duk da larura ta rashin ji sosai da yayi fama da ita. Shekaru tara baya ya kurmance amma duk da haka ya ci-gaba da tsara waƙoƙi, sannan a shekara ta 1824 ya kammala waƙarsa ta ƙarshe da ake kira sinfonie ta tara.
A shekarar 1826 Beethoven ya rasu yana da shekaru 56. An rufe shi ne a birnin Vienna.