Takaitacce tarihin Sarah Baartman

Wane lokaci Sarah Baartman ta rayu?

Sarah Baartmann, wacce kuma ake kiranta Saartjie Baartman a bisa kiyasi an haife ta a shekarar 1789 a kusa da kogin Gamtoos a lardin da ake kira da suna Eastern Cape. Ta fito ne daga cikin al'ummar Khoikhoi. Ta tashi maraya daga baya ta koma Cape Town, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar aikatau ga wani "bakar fata mai 'yanci". Daga bisani ta tafi tare da shi zuwa Birtaniya, daga baya an kaita Paris, inda a nan ne ta mutu: Ta yi suna amma ta mutu cikin talauci a shekarar 1815.

 

Me ya sa Sarah Baartman ta zama fitacciya?

A kasashen Turai an rika gabatar da ita a matsayin abin jan hankali na musamman a wasu taruka. Halittar jikinta da ba bakuwar aba ba ce ga mata kabilar makiyaya ta Khoikhoi a Afirka ta Kudu sun kasance abin sha'awa ga Turawa a Faransa da Ingili. Baartman ta kasance mai tsukakken kugu da manyan mazaunai ga girman al'aura, ana mata lakabi da sunan Hottentot Venus. Hottentot suna ne da Turawan suke ba wa mutanen Khoikhoi, Venus kuwa sunan alakanta ta da mace abin so wacce ta fito daga duniyar soyayya ta Venus kamar yadda Romawa suka yi amanna.

 

Shin Sarah Baartman ta fuskanci nuna wariyar launin fata?

Babu tabbaci ko ta tafi London a bisa ra'ayinta ne ko kuwa an tilasta mata ne, babu kuma wanda zai ce ga yadda take wakana da ita a lokacin da za a gabatar da ita ga dandazon jama'a. Sai dai babu shakka Baartman ta fuskanci nuna wariya cikin al'ummar da mafiya rinjaye Turawa ne a karni na 19. Baki daya a lokacin da ake kallon 'yan Afirka a matsayin koma baya a tsarin al'adu da ma na halitta.

Mutanen Khoikhoi na Afirka ta Kudu da wahala a gansu a Turai inda suka ga kaskanci. Bayan mutuwarta fitaccen likitan sarki Napoleon, Georges Cuvier ya tsaga jikin Baartman, a nan ne ya ce jikin ya yi kama da na gwagwgwon biri.

Kusan tsawon shekaru 160 an rika nuna ragowar jikinta a gidan tarihi a birnin Paris na Faransa, abin da ya sanya ta zama wacce ta fuskanci nuna wariya a hannun masanan kimiyya.

Sarah Baartman ta taba komawa Afirka ta Kudu?

Bayan an kawo karshen nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu an shiga nuna sha'awar sake farfado da tarihin Baartman. Karkashin mulkin Nelson Mandela ya rika fafutuka ta ganin an dawo da sauran gawarta, amma sai a shekarar 2002 aka dawo da abin da ya yi saura na jikin nata.

An binne ta a mahaifarta da ke a lardin Eastern Cape bayan gararamba kusan shekaru 200 a kasashen ketare.

 

Ta yaya ake tunawa da Sarah Baartman a wannan lokaci?

Fafutuka ta ganin an dawo da sauran gawar Baartman yaki ne da nuna gallazawar da aka yi wa mutane saboda launi na fatarsu. Bayan nasarar bincike da ya biyo bayan mutuwarta, har kawo yanzu ana mata kallon abin izina a fafutuka ta kawo karshen gallazawa a Afirka ta Kudu. Domin tunawa da ita mahaifarta a Eastern Cape ana kiranta da sunan Sarah Baartman, hakazalika a birnin Cape Town na Afirka ta Kudu akwai cibiyar Saartjie Baartman wacce ke kula da mata da yara wadanda suka fuskanci cin zarafi.

 

Wadanda suka yi hidima wajen haduwar labarin; Jane Ayeko-Kümmeth daThuso Khumalo da Gwendolin Hilse. Karkashin shiri na musamman da DW kan tsara na Tushen Afirka bisa tallafi na gidauniyar Gerda Henkel.