Fafutukar raya gabacin Jamus

„Yanayin ƙasa mai yabanya“, wannan shi ne alƙawarin da tsofon shugaban gwamnatin Jamus Helmut Kohl yayi wa al'umar Jamus ta Gabas a shekara ta 1990. Kawo yanzun an kashe abin da ya kai Euro miliyan dubu har sau dubu ɗaya da miliyan dubu ɗari uku a fafutukar sake farfaɗo da gabacin Jamus, amma fa har yau da sauran rina a kaba.

A duk lokacin da masu yawon buɗe ido daga yammacin Jamus ke tattakin biranen gabacin ƙasar su kann nuna mamakin yadda aka yi wa gidajensu gyaran fuska da yadda tituna ke shimfiɗe da kuma nagartattun hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani dake akwai. A wani lokacin su kann saka ayar tambaya a game da wai shin me yayi shaura a fafutukar sake gina gabacin Jamus. A haƙiƙa dai akwai abubuwa da daman a ci gaba da za a iya lura das u shekaru 20 bayan sake haɗewar Jamus. To sai dai kuma an sha fama da tafiyar hawainiya a fafutukar sake gina gabacin ƙasar. An ji wannan bayanin daga bakin Lothar de Maiziere, wanda a watan maris na shekara ta 1990 ya lashe ‘yantaccen zaɓe na farko da aka gudanar domin zama piraminista na ƙarshe a Jamus ta Gabas. De Maiziere y ace: “Dukkanmu a wancan lokaci mun yi zato ne cewar kome zai tafi a cikin gaggawa. Amma kuma duk wanda bai lura da ƙasa mai yabanyar da aka samu a yanzun ba to kuwa ko dai makaho ne ko kuma yana tare da wauta. A duk lokacin da nike wucewa a Görlitz ko Quedingburg da sauran yankuna masu tarin yawa zuciyata ta kan motsa saboda yadda waɗannan garuruwan suke a halin yanzu.”

Sai dai kuma kawai hasashe ne za a iya yi a game da adadin kuɗin da aka kashe akan haɗewar Jamus. Cibiyar binciken tattalin arziƙi dake Halle ta ƙiyasce cewar an kasha abin day a kai Euro miliyan dubu har sau dubu ɗaya da dubu ɗari uku tsakanin 1991 zuwa 2009. Akasarin kuɗaɗen sake gina gabacin Jamus sun kwarara ne kai tsaye zuwa baitul-malin sabbin jihohin tarayya biyar da aka ƙirƙiro, in banda shirye-shiryen da suka shafi harkokin sufuri kamar manyan hanyoyin mota da magudanan ruwa, waɗanda ita kanta gwamnatin tarayya c eta ɗauki nauyinsu.

Matsalar rashin aikin yi ta fi cin kuɗi

Alal-haƙiƙa ma dai ba ayyukan sake farfaɗo da al'amuran gabacin Jamus da suka haɗa da zuba kuɗi a harkokin sadarwar da suka taɓarɓare kwata-kwata ko kuma tallafa wa kamfanonin samarwa a wannan yanki, su ne suka haɓaka yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa ba. Babbar matsala ita ce kasancewar tattalin arziƙin Jamus ta Gabas ya taɓarɓare kwata-kwata, lamarin da ya sanya bunƙasar yawan marasa aikin yi fiye da kima a yankin ta yadda ya zama wajibi a yi amfani da kashi biyu bisa uku na Euro miliyan dubu har sau dubu ɗaya da miliyan dubu ɗari uku don kyautata makomar jin daɗin rayuwar jama'ar yankin. Kuma har yau yawan marasa aikin yin a gabaci ya zarce na yammacin Jamus.

Ba wanda yayi hasashen fuskantar irin wannan ci gaba, inda a daidai ranar ɗaya ga watan yulin shekarar 1990 aka gabatar da shawarar haɗin kan tattalin arziƙi da takardun kuɗi da tsarin zamantakewa wanda ta haka aka shigar da takardun kuɗin Deutsche Mark zuwa Jamus ta Gabas. Kuma ko da yake al'umar Jamus ta Gabas sun yi ɗoki da murnar hakan, amma wannan shawarar ta kasance ragon azanci. An yi musayar kuɗaɗen ajiya da na fansho yawansu ya kai dubu shida a takardun kuɗin Jamus ta Gabas daidai-wa-daida da takardun kuɗin Deutsche Mark. Kazalika har ma da albashin ma'aikata ya zama wajibi a biya su da takardun kuɗin Deutsche Mark. Nan da nan aka wayi gari kamfanonin Jamus ta Gabas ba su da ikon yin kafaɗa da kafaɗa da takwarorinsu na Jamus ta Yamma. Su kansu al'umar Jamus ta Gabas ɗin ma dai sai suka shiga ƙyamar sayen kayayyakinsu na cikin gida da takardun kuɗin na Deutsche Mark. Duk wani abin da zasu saya ya alla kayan ci maka ne ko kayan alatu ko kuma motoci, wajibi ne ya kasance an shigo da shi ne daga yammaci.

"Ba a da zaɓi akan takardun kuɗin"

A wancan lokaci ƙwararrun masana sun yi hasashen cewar haɗin kan takardun kuɗin zai taɓarɓara tattalin arziƙin Jamus ta Gabas, amma tsofon ministan kuɗi a lokacin Theo Waigel ya mayar da martani akan haka yana mai cewar dangane da kiraye-kirayen da 'yan gabacin Jamus suka riƙa yi a shekara ta 1990 na cewar "In takardun kuɗin D-Mark ba su zo mana ba to mu zamu je musu", sai ya zama ba a da zaɓi. "A ma'aikatar kuɗi, a wancan lokaci, mun binciki hanyoyi dabam-dabam, muka gabatar da tsarin matakai tare da tattaunawa da kwamitin da aka ɗora masa alhakin lamarin," kamar yadda Waigel, wanda yayi ministan kuɗi tsakanin 1989 zuwa 1998, ya nunar. "Sai dai kuma dukkan waɗannan ba za su tsinana kome ba, sai dai idan da zamu sake shata zirin iyaka ne tsakanin ƙasashen na Jamus."

Amma fa hatta a haɗaɗɗiyar ƙasar ta Jamus an ci gaba da samun banbance-banbancen al'amuran tattalin arziƙi tsakanin sassan biyu. Domin kuwa ko da yake kamfanonin yammacin Jamus suna cinikin hajojinsu a gabacin ƙasar, amma fa sun ci gaba da sarrafa kayayyakin nasu ne a yammaci. Sai sannu a hankali ne aka fara kafa masana'antu a sabbin jihohin gabacin ƙasar. Har kuma ya zuwa halin da muke ciki yanzu haka matsayin tattalin arziƙin gabacin Jamus ya kama kashi 71 ne cikin ɗari idan an kwatanta da na yammaci. Kuma jumullar abin da yankin ke samarwa a shekara ya kama kashi 66 cikin ɗari ne idan an kwatanta da na yammacin haɗaɗɗiyar ƙasar ta Jamus.

Shin fafutukar raya gabacin Jamus mummunan ciniki ne?

A wasu 'yan shekarun da suka wuce tsofon ministan kuɗi Theo Waigel ya fuskanci wata tambaya daga shugaban kwamitin zartaswa na wani kamfanin Amirka game da cewar ko shin "Sayen" Jamus ta Gabas ba wani mummunan ciniki ba ne. "Hakan ya ɓata min rai sai na ce: 'Lalle kam lamarin ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo ya kuma ci maƙudan ku ɗi fiye da yadda muka yi zato. Amma aƙalla a yanzu mutane kimanin miliyan takwas na zama cikin walwala ta demoƙraɗiyya. Idan har kun iya cimma irin wannan manufa a Iraƙi a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa kana iya sake fuskanta ta da wannan tambaya", in ji Theo Waigel. A yau wannan ɗan kasuwar ya daina buga ƙirji. "A duk lokacin da na sadu da shi sai ya ce: "Theo ba zan sake gabatar da irin wannan tambaya ba."

Fafutukar raya gabaci wata manufa ce ta nuna zumunci da ba a taɓa ganin shigenta ba a harabar Jamus, in ji Theo Waigel. Mataki ne na nuna zumunci da za a ci gaba da ɗaukarsa. Har yau babu wata jiha ta gabacin Jamus dake da ikon dogaro da kanta. A ƙarƙashin tsare-tsaren gwamnatin tarayya matakin nuna zumunci zai ci gaba har ya zuwa shekara ta 2019, abin dake ma'anar cewa maƙudan kuɗi zasu ci gaba da kwarara daga yammaci zuwa gabacin Jamus a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Sai kuma a saurara a ga abin da zai biyo baya. Mai yiwuwa matakin ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin wani taken dabam a kuma tabbatar da tallafin kuɗin ga jihohin gabacin Jamus ta kan abin da aka kira daidaita kasafin kuɗin jihohin tarayya. A ƙarƙashin wannan manufa wajibi ne jihohi masu wadata su taimaka wa jihohin ƙasar masu ƙaramin ƙarfi. Haka ma lamarin ke tafiya hatta a nan yammaci a halin yanzu.

Mawallafa: Sabine Kinkartz/Ahmad Tijani Lawal

Edita: Mohammad Nasiru Awal